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Year 2 Urinary (JK) > Anatomy and histology of the urinary system > Flashcards

Anatomy and histology of the urinary system Flashcards

1
Q

5 functions of the urinary system

A

remove metabolic waste by filtration and excretion
Regulate plasma electrolytes and bp via renin angiotensin mechanism
help to stabilise pH
reabsorption of small molecules - amino acids, glucose, peptides
produce erythropoietin

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2
Q

What does erythropoietin do?

A

stimulate RBC production by bone marrow

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3
Q

Are the kidneys retroperitoneal?

A

yes

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4
Q

Vertebrae level of kidneys

A

T12-L3

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5
Q

List some posterior relations of the kidney - nerves +rib

A

12th rib

subcostal, ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves

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6
Q

What composes a renal lobe?

A

cortex and pyramid

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7
Q

Ureter arterial supply

A

renal, ovarian and testicular, abdominal aorta

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8
Q

Ureter venous drainage

A

drain into renal and ovarian/testicular veins

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9
Q

A way to remember the anterior to posterior relations of hilar structures of the kidney

A

VAP

vein, artery, pelvis of ureter

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10
Q

Where does the renal artery branch from?

A

abdominal aorta

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11
Q

segmental artieries of the kidney

A

interlobar
arcuate
interlobular

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12
Q

How many branches of the renal arteries for segmental arteries?

A

5

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13
Q

Do the segmental branches anastamose?

A

no

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14
Q

Where do the renal veins drain?

A

IVC

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15
Q

Lymph drainage of kidneys

A

lateral aortic LN

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16
Q

Nerve supply to the kidneys is via what?

A

renal plexus
sympathetic = T10-L1
sensory afferent = T11-L2

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17
Q

What makes up the trigone?

A

2 ureteric orifices

1 internal urethral orifice

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18
Q

Why are male and female bladders peritonised differently?

A

presence of uterus

19
Q

Describe the female urethra

A

very short

20
Q

Name the 4 parts of the male urethra

A

intramural/preprostatic
prostatic
intermediate/membranous
penile/spongy

21
Q

Length of male urethra

A

18-20cm

22
Q

widest part of male urethra

A

prostatic

23
Q

Narrowest part of male urethra

A

intermediate

24
Q

Longest part of male urethra

A

spongy penile part

25
Q

How is the internal urethral sphincter controlled?

A

smooth muscle via ANS

26
Q

How is the external urethral sphincter controlled?

A

skeletal muscle via voluntary control

27
Q

Arterial supply of bladder

A

branches of internal iliac artery

28
Q

Venous drainage of bladder

A

drains to internal iliac veins

29
Q

Lymph drainage of bladder

A

external and internal iliac LN

30
Q

Sympathetic control of bladder

level and function

A

T11-L2

constrict internal sphincter

31
Q

Parasympathetic control of bladder

level and function

A

S2-4

motor to detrusor muscle

32
Q

What is the sensory/afferent supply to bladder via?

A

parasympathetic fibres

33
Q

Somatic supply of bladder nerve and function

A

pudendal

external sphincter

34
Q

What does the prostatic urethra receive?

A

ejaculatory duct

35
Q

What is micturition?

A

urination

36
Q

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

A

nephron

37
Q

What comprises the uriniferous tubule?

A

nephron and collecting duct

38
Q

What comprises the nephron?

A

renal corpuscle and renal tubules eg PCT, DCT, loop of henle

39
Q

What comprises the renal corpuscle?

A

bowmans capsule and glomerulus

40
Q

Epithelium of ureter and bladder

A

transitional

41
Q

Difference in smooth muscle layers in bladder and ureter

A

bladder has additional middle circular layer

42
Q

List some clinical relevance pathologies of urinary system

A 
UTI 
glomerulonephritis 
renal calculi 
renal failure and dialysis 
urinary incontinence
43
Q

What are 2 ways to indicate kidney disease?

A

proteinuria

GFR

44
Q

List some common developmental abnormalities

A 
aberrant renal arteries 
duplicated ureter 
horse shoe kidney 
pelvic kidney 
unilateral double kidney

Year 2 Urinary (JK) (26 decks)

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