Anatomy and histology of the urinary system Flashcards
5 functions of the urinary system
remove metabolic waste by filtration and excretion
Regulate plasma electrolytes and bp via renin angiotensin mechanism
help to stabilise pH
reabsorption of small molecules - amino acids, glucose, peptides
produce erythropoietin
What does erythropoietin do?
stimulate RBC production by bone marrow
Are the kidneys retroperitoneal?
yes
Vertebrae level of kidneys
T12-L3
List some posterior relations of the kidney - nerves +rib
12th rib
subcostal, ilioinguinal and iliohypogastric nerves
What composes a renal lobe?
cortex and pyramid
Ureter arterial supply
renal, ovarian and testicular, abdominal aorta
Ureter venous drainage
drain into renal and ovarian/testicular veins
A way to remember the anterior to posterior relations of hilar structures of the kidney
VAP
vein, artery, pelvis of ureter
Where does the renal artery branch from?
abdominal aorta
segmental artieries of the kidney
interlobar
arcuate
interlobular
How many branches of the renal arteries for segmental arteries?
5
Do the segmental branches anastamose?
no
Where do the renal veins drain?
IVC
Lymph drainage of kidneys
lateral aortic LN
Nerve supply to the kidneys is via what?
renal plexus
sympathetic = T10-L1
sensory afferent = T11-L2
What makes up the trigone?
2 ureteric orifices
1 internal urethral orifice
Why are male and female bladders peritonised differently?
presence of uterus
Describe the female urethra
very short
Name the 4 parts of the male urethra
intramural/preprostatic
prostatic
intermediate/membranous
penile/spongy
Length of male urethra
18-20cm
widest part of male urethra
prostatic
Narrowest part of male urethra
intermediate
Longest part of male urethra
spongy penile part
How is the internal urethral sphincter controlled?
smooth muscle via ANS
How is the external urethral sphincter controlled?
skeletal muscle via voluntary control
Arterial supply of bladder
branches of internal iliac artery
Venous drainage of bladder
drains to internal iliac veins
Lymph drainage of bladder
external and internal iliac LN
Sympathetic control of bladder
level and function
T11-L2
constrict internal sphincter
Parasympathetic control of bladder
level and function
S2-4
motor to detrusor muscle
What is the sensory/afferent supply to bladder via?
parasympathetic fibres
Somatic supply of bladder nerve and function
pudendal
external sphincter
What does the prostatic urethra receive?
ejaculatory duct
What is micturition?
urination
What is the functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
What comprises the uriniferous tubule?
nephron and collecting duct
What comprises the nephron?
renal corpuscle and renal tubules eg PCT, DCT, loop of henle
What comprises the renal corpuscle?
bowmans capsule and glomerulus
Epithelium of ureter and bladder
transitional
Difference in smooth muscle layers in bladder and ureter
bladder has additional middle circular layer
List some clinical relevance pathologies of urinary system
UTI glomerulonephritis renal calculi renal failure and dialysis urinary incontinence
What are 2 ways to indicate kidney disease?
proteinuria
GFR
List some common developmental abnormalities
aberrant renal arteries duplicated ureter horse shoe kidney pelvic kidney unilateral double kidney
