Anatomy pre-practical lecture

Question 1

Name the parts of the urinary system

Answer 1

bladder, urethra, ureter, kidney

Question 2

What level is the transpyloric plane?

Answer 2

L1

Question 3

What does the transpyloric plane go through? a couple of examples

Answer 3

hilum of kidney 
pylorus of stomach 
neck of pancreas 
2nd part of duodenum 
start of SMA 
Termination of spinal cord 
origin of portal vein

Question 4

Why does the right kidney sit lower than the left?

Answer 4

liver

Question 5

Function of fascial coverings of kidney

Answer 5

protection

Question 6

Layers of fascial coverings

Answer 6

capsule 
perirenal fat 
renal fascia 
pararenal fat 
transversalis fascia

Question 7

3 posterior relations of kidneys

Answer 7

diaphragm
psoas major
quadratus lumborum

Question 8

Anterior relations of right kidney

Answer 8

liver 
duodenum 
colon 
jejunum 
suprarenal

Question 9

Anterior relations of left kidney

Answer 9

stomach 
colonic flexure 
small bowel 
pancreas
spleen

Question 10

How can you tell the right and left kidney apart in anatomy lab?

Answer 10

ureter most posterior of the hilum structures

Question 11

What is a horseshoe kidney?

Answer 11

inferior pole fused and can have abnormal ureter insertion

Question 12

Consequences of horseshoe kidney

Answer 12

more prone to hydronephrosis, stones, tumours, infection

Question 13

Cause of duplicated ureter

Answer 13

duplication of ureteric but from mesonephric duct

Question 14

Consequences of duplicated ureter

Answer 14

vesicoureteric reflux and UTI

Question 15

Describe the make up of the medulla

Answer 15

pyramids - minor calyx - major calyx - pelvis - ureter

Question 16

Histology structures of cortex

Answer 16

renal corpuscles, PCT, DCT,

bowmans capsule

Question 17

Histology structures of medulla

Answer 17

loop of henle

collecting ducts

Question 18

Bowmans capsule

Answer 18

glomerulus is a 2 layered cup with squamous epithelium and a space known as bowmans capsule

Question 19

Role of bowmans capsule

Answer 19

group of capillaries for filtration

Question 20

3 ureteric constrictions

Answer 20

origin - pelvis narrows to become ureter
pelvic brim - crosses hip bone
vesico-ureteric junction - where it enters bladder

Question 21

Importance of ureter and uterine artery relations

Answer 21

eg hysterectomy

uterine runs anterior to ureter so do not clamp ureter