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Gross Anatomy Exam 3 > Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial and caudal poles of right kidney

A
  1. Caudate process of liver and right adrenal

2. Ascending colon

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2
Q

Cranial and caudal poles of left kidney

A
  1. Left lobe of pancreas and left adrenal

2. Descending colon, mesovarium (in female)

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3
Q

Dorsal surface of kidneys

A
  1. Contact lumbar hypaxial mm.

2. Free of peritoneum

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4
Q

Ventral surface of kidneys

A
  1. Faces abdominal cavity

2. Covered by parietal peritoneum

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5
Q

Lateral border of kidneys

A
  1. Convex

2. Related to abdominal wall/spleen

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6
Q

Medial border of kidneys

A
  1. Concave

2. Related to caudal vena cava/abdominal aorta

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7
Q

Renal hilus location

A

Indented medial border of kidney

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8
Q

Renal hilus contains

A

Renal b.v., lymphatic, nerves and ureta

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9
Q

Renal pelvis shape

A

Funnel shaped dilation of ureter

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10
Q

Renal pelvis is located?

A

Inside renal sinus

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11
Q

Renal pelvis function

A

Receives urine from papillary ducts → passes it into ureter

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12
Q

Pelvic recess shape and location

A

Curved diverticula of renal pelvis → project into parenchyma between renal pyramids

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13
Q

Fibrous capsule

A

Covers surface of kidney

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14
Q

Fibrous capsule consists of?

A
  1. Mostly collagen
  2. Few elastic

→ cannot swell as well as other organs

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15
Q

How is fibrous capsule connected to kidney?

A

Loose CT, easily stripped from healthy kidney

hard to pull off in necrosopy → pathology

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16
Q

Renal cortex location

A

Directly inside fibrous capsule (outer layer)

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17
Q

Outer portion of renal parenchyma

A

Renal cortex

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18
Q

Renal cortex appearance

A

Granular - renal capsules

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19
Q

Renal corpuscles

A

Efferent and afferent vessels

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20
Q

Nephron

A

Structural and functional unit of kidney

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21
Q

Renal crest location

A

Free edge of medulla facing pelvis

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22
Q

Renal crest formed by?

A

Fusion of renal papillae

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23
Q

Papillary foramina are open where?

A

On border of renal crest facing pelvis

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24
Q

Openings of papillary ducts are called?

A

Papillary foramina

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25
Q

Renal papillae

A

Apex of renal pyramid → seen in paramedian sections

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26
Q

Renal pyramid

A

Pyramid shaped medullary substance → represents lobes of kidneys (only seen in paramedian sections)

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27
Q

How many pelvic recesses form each border of pelvis?

A

5-6

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28
Q

Renal sinus

A

Space led into by hilus

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29
Q

Renal sinus contains?

A
  1. Renal pelvis
  2. Fat
  3. Proximal branches of renal vv. and nn.
30
Q

Renal a. branches into?

A

Interlobar aa.

31
Q

Interlobar aa. anamastose into?

A

Arcuate aa.

32
Q

______ branch off arcurate aa.

A

Interlobular aa.

33
Q

Interlobular aa. form?

A

Afferent and efferent arterioles

34
Q

Abdominal part of ureter

A
  1. Begins at renal pelvis

2. Runs caudally following sagittal course

35
Q

Pelvic part of ureter

A

On reaching pelvic cavity

  1. Bends medially to enter genital fold (male) or broad ligament (female)
  2. Opens over dorsal surface of neck of bladder
36
Q

2 parts of ureters

A
  1. Abdominal part

2. Pelvic part

37
Q

How does ureter penetrate bladder wall?

38
Q

Ureter penetrates bladder wall obliquely. Why?

A
  1. Prevents reflux or urine into ureter when intravesical pressure rises
  2. Doesn’t prevent further filling of bladder (resistance is overcome by peristaltic contractions of ureteric wall)
39
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Distensible urine storage organ

40
Q

3 parts of urinary bladder

A
  1. Apex
  2. Body
  3. Neck
41
Q

Apex of bladder located?

A

Cranial blind end of bladder

42
Q

Apex contains?

A

Scar tissue → remnant of urachus

43
Q

Urachus

A

Connects primitive bladder to allantoic sac in fetus

44
Q

Neck of bladder located?

A

Narrow caudal part leading into urethra

45
Q

Urinary bladder is in contact with?

A

Direct contact with abdominal wall (not covered by greater omentum)

46
Q

6 structures of the bladder

A
  1. Apex (scar tissue)
  2. Lumen of bladder
  3. Ureters
  4. Trigone of the bladder
  5. Urethral crest
  6. Urethra
47
Q

3 ligaments of the bladder

A

2 lateral + 1 median

48
Q

2 lateral ligaments of bladder connects?

A

Lateral surface of bladder to pelvic wall

49
Q

Free edge of lateral ligaments of the bladder

A

Round ligament of the bladder

50
Q

Round ligament of the bladder contains?

A

Remnant of umbilical aa.

51
Q

Median ligament of the bladder connects?

A

Ventral surface of bladder to pelvic symphysis and linea alba

52
Q

Medial ligament of the bladder contains? (in fetus)

A
  1. Urachus
  2. Umbilical aa.
  3. Umbilical v.

(Umbilical cord)

53
Q

Female urethra conveys?

A

Urine only

54
Q

Male urethra conveys?

A
  1. Urine
  2. Semen
  3. Seminal secretion
55
Q

Male urethra

A

Extends from internal opening at bladder neck to external opening at end of penis

56
Q

2 parts of male urethra

A
  1. Pelvic part (internal)

2. Penile part (external)

57
Q

4 parts of urinary system

A
  1. Kidneys
  2. Ureters
  3. Bladder
  4. Urethra
58
Q

Urinary system location

A

Lies in abdomina and pelvic cavities

59
Q

Urinary and genital system share?

60
Q

2 functions of kidneys

A
  1. Form urine

2. Endocrine gland

61
Q

2 main hormones produced by kidneys

A
  1. Renin

2. Erythropoietin

62
Q

Renin function

A

Regulates blood pressure

63
Q

Erythropoietin function

A

Increases rate of production of RBCs in bone marrow

64
Q

Kidney location

A
  1. Pressed against abdominal roof in lumbar region
  2. Right and left of median plane
  3. Retroperitoneal
65
Q

Retroperitoneal means?

A

Behind peritoneum

66
Q

Ventral surface of kidney is covered by?

A

Parietal peritoneum

67
Q

Peritoneum is only covers which side of the kidney?

A

Ventral surface

68
Q

Which kidney is more variable in position?

69
Q

Right kidney location

A
  1. More cranial

2. T13 or L1 → L3

70
Q

Left kidney location

A
  1. More caudal

2. L2 → L4

Gross Anatomy Exam 3 (11 decks)

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