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Gross Anatomy Exam 3 > Urinary Tract > Flashcards

Urinary Tract Flashcards

1
Q

Cranial and caudal poles of right kidney

A
  1. Caudate process of liver and right adrenal

2. Ascending colon

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2
Q

Cranial and caudal poles of left kidney

A
  1. Left lobe of pancreas and left adrenal

2. Descending colon, mesovarium (in female)

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3
Q

Dorsal surface of kidneys

A
  1. Contact lumbar hypaxial mm.

2. Free of peritoneum

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4
Q

Ventral surface of kidneys

A
  1. Faces abdominal cavity

2. Covered by parietal peritoneum

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5
Q

Lateral border of kidneys

A
  1. Convex

2. Related to abdominal wall/spleen

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6
Q

Medial border of kidneys

A
  1. Concave

2. Related to caudal vena cava/abdominal aorta

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7
Q

Renal hilus location

A

Indented medial border of kidney

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8
Q

Renal hilus contains

A

Renal b.v., lymphatic, nerves and ureta

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9
Q

Renal pelvis shape

A

Funnel shaped dilation of ureter

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10
Q

Renal pelvis is located?

A

Inside renal sinus

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11
Q

Renal pelvis function

A

Receives urine from papillary ducts → passes it into ureter

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12
Q

Pelvic recess shape and location

A

Curved diverticula of renal pelvis → project into parenchyma between renal pyramids

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13
Q

Fibrous capsule

A

Covers surface of kidney

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14
Q

Fibrous capsule consists of?

A
  1. Mostly collagen
  2. Few elastic

→ cannot swell as well as other organs

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15
Q

How is fibrous capsule connected to kidney?

A

Loose CT, easily stripped from healthy kidney

hard to pull off in necrosopy → pathology

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16
Q

Renal cortex location

A

Directly inside fibrous capsule (outer layer)

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17
Q

Outer portion of renal parenchyma

A

Renal cortex

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18
Q

Renal cortex appearance

A

Granular - renal capsules

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19
Q

Renal corpuscles

A

Efferent and afferent vessels

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20
Q

Nephron

A

Structural and functional unit of kidney

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21
Q

Renal crest location

A

Free edge of medulla facing pelvis

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22
Q

Renal crest formed by?

A

Fusion of renal papillae

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23
Q

Papillary foramina are open where?

A

On border of renal crest facing pelvis

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24
Q

Openings of papillary ducts are called?

A

Papillary foramina

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25
Renal papillae
Apex of renal pyramid → seen in paramedian sections
26
Renal pyramid
Pyramid shaped medullary substance → represents lobes of kidneys (only seen in paramedian sections)
27
How many pelvic recesses form each border of pelvis?
5-6
28
Renal sinus
Space led into by hilus
29
Renal sinus contains?
1. Renal pelvis 2. Fat 3. Proximal branches of renal vv. and nn.
30
Renal a. branches into?
Interlobar aa.
31
Interlobar aa. anamastose into?
Arcuate aa.
32
______ branch off arcurate aa.
Interlobular aa.
33
Interlobular aa. form?
Afferent and efferent arterioles
34
Abdominal part of ureter
1. Begins at renal pelvis | 2. Runs caudally following sagittal course
35
Pelvic part of ureter
On reaching pelvic cavity 1. Bends medially to enter genital fold (male) or broad ligament (female) 2. Opens over dorsal surface of neck of bladder
36
2 parts of ureters
1. Abdominal part | 2. Pelvic part
37
How does ureter penetrate bladder wall?
Obliquely
38
Ureter penetrates bladder wall obliquely. Why?
1. Prevents reflux or urine into ureter when intravesical pressure rises 2. Doesn't prevent further filling of bladder (resistance is overcome by peristaltic contractions of ureteric wall)
39
Urinary bladder
Distensible urine storage organ
40
3 parts of urinary bladder
1. Apex 2. Body 3. Neck
41
Apex of bladder located?
Cranial blind end of bladder
42
Apex contains?
Scar tissue → remnant of urachus
43
Urachus
Connects primitive bladder to allantoic sac in fetus
44
Neck of bladder located?
Narrow caudal part leading into urethra
45
Urinary bladder is in contact with?
Direct contact with abdominal wall (not covered by greater omentum)
46
6 structures of the bladder
1. Apex (scar tissue) 2. Lumen of bladder 3. Ureters 4. Trigone of the bladder 5. Urethral crest 6. Urethra
47
3 ligaments of the bladder
2 lateral + 1 median
48
2 lateral ligaments of bladder connects?
Lateral surface of bladder to pelvic wall
49
Free edge of lateral ligaments of the bladder
Round ligament of the bladder
50
Round ligament of the bladder contains?
Remnant of umbilical aa.
51
Median ligament of the bladder connects?
Ventral surface of bladder to pelvic symphysis and linea alba
52
Medial ligament of the bladder contains? (in fetus)
1. Urachus 2. Umbilical aa. 3. Umbilical v. (Umbilical cord)
53
Female urethra conveys?
Urine only
54
Male urethra conveys?
1. Urine 2. Semen 3. Seminal secretion
55
Male urethra
Extends from internal opening at bladder neck to external opening at end of penis
56
2 parts of male urethra
1. Pelvic part (internal) | 2. Penile part (external)
57
4 parts of urinary system
1. Kidneys 2. Ureters 3. Bladder 4. Urethra
58
Urinary system location
Lies in abdomina and pelvic cavities
59
Urinary and genital system share?
Uretrha
60
2 functions of kidneys
1. Form urine | 2. Endocrine gland
61
2 main hormones produced by kidneys
1. Renin | 2. Erythropoietin
62
Renin function
Regulates blood pressure
63
Erythropoietin function
Increases rate of production of RBCs in bone marrow
64
Kidney location
1. Pressed against abdominal roof in lumbar region 2. Right and left of median plane 3. Retroperitoneal
65
Retroperitoneal means?
Behind peritoneum
66
Ventral surface of kidney is covered by?
Parietal peritoneum
67
Peritoneum is only covers which side of the kidney?
Ventral surface
68
Which kidney is more variable in position?
Let
69
Right kidney location
1. More cranial | 2. T13 or L1 → L3
70
Left kidney location
1. More caudal | 2. L2 → L4

Gross Anatomy Exam 3 (11 decks)

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