Abdominal Radiology Flashcards by Kelsey Madden

In dogs, which lobe of liver is easiest to see?

Left lateral lobe (most caudoventral)

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In cats, which lobe of liver is easiest to see?

Right lateral lobe (most central)

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Best way to assess liver size

Gastric axis

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Gastric axis

Line from fundus to pylorus

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Gastric axis caudally displaced

Big liver

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Gastric axis cranially displaced

Small liver

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Spleen size

Variable

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Location f head of spleen

Left cranial

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___ of spleen is tethered in place while ___ is mobile

Head tethered, tail mobile

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Lateral view of spleen in cat

Just caudal to stomach

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Normal pancreas seen?

Not seen normally

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Body of pancreas is located next to?

Pylorus and proximal duodenum

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Right limb of pancreas is located next to?

Descending duodenum

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Left limb of pancreas is located next to?

Greater curvature of stomach

Longer in cat

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Location of kidneys in cats

L1-L5

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Location of kidneys in dogs

T13-L3

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Kidney shape in cats

More rounded than dogs

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___ kidney is more mobile and pnedulous

Left

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Kidney size is assessed on?

VD view, compared to length of L2 vertebral body

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Normal length of kidney in dog

2.5-3.5 * length of L2

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Normal length of kidney in cat

2-3 * length of L2

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Cranial pole of right kidney sits in?

Renal fossa of caudate lobe of liver (can make it hard to distinguish)

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How are ureters seen?

Only visualized with contrast

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Ureters enter bladder at?

Trigone (cranial proximal aspect)

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Why is bladder difficult to evaluate on VD view?

Superimposition of spine, colon and prepuce (if male)

How is urethra seen?

Not seen without contrast

Sections of male urethra

1. Prostatic urethra 2. Membranous urethra (pelvic) 3. Penile urethra

How is uterus seen?

Not normally seen

Body of uterus sits between?

Bladder and colon

3 parts of uterus

2 horns and body

Gravid uterus first seen at?

25-30 days

Fetal mineralization in cats

35-39 days

Fetal mineralization in dogs

42-45 days in dogs

Normal prostate in dogs seen?

Maybe or may not, shouldn't be visible in neutered dog

Normal prostate in cats seen?

Never visualized

Prostate location

1. ventral to rectum | 2. Dorsal to pubis

Prostate shape

Rounded, enlarged in intact males

GI contrast

Positive or negative can be used

Canine stomach extends from?

Left body wall to right body wall

Feline stomach location

Predominantly within left cr. quadrant with pylorus on midline (More J-shaped)

Diaphragmatic crura in right lateral view

Parallel

What is serosal detail?

Ability to visualize serosal margins of abdominal organs

Natural contrast in abdomen comes from?

Peritoneal fat

Causes for poor serosal detail

1. Emaciated patient 2. Young animal (brown fat has higher wat) 3. Fluid in peritoneal space 4. Serosal disease 5. Excessive scatter (large dogs scatter x-ray more)

Easiest margin of liver to see?

Caudoventral

Why is caudal margin of liver difficult to see?

Border effacement with stomach

Visible retroperitoneal structures

1. Lumbar mm. | 2. Kidneys

Retroperitoneal structures not usually seen

1. Ureters 2. Adrenal glands 3. Ln. (medial iliac) 4. Lv.

What can be used to highlight the urinary system?

Positive contrast agents

Kidneys are located where?

Cranial dorsal abdomen

Which kidney is more caudal and can be pendulous?

Left

Urinary bladder extends in what direction as it fills with urine?

Cranially

3 regions of urinary bladder

1. Apex 2. Body 3. Neck/trigone

Enlargement of adrenal glands results in?

Caudolateral displacement of adjacent kidney

Lateral view of prostate

Separated from bladder and ventral body wall by triangle of fat

Prostate size (lateral view)

Less than 2/3 of pelvic inlet

Fundus is more visible with what view?

Right lateral view

Pylorus is more visible with what view?

Left lateral view

Small intestine gas content in fasted dog

30-60%

Small intestine gas content in fasted cat

Minimal to none

Small intestine size in cats

Less than 2x body of L5 (lateral view) (or

Small intestine size in dogs

1.6 x body of L5 (lateral view)

Small intestine in obese cats will be?

Bunched ventrally and to the right

Cecum can be seen in the dog or the cat?

Dog - not visible in cat

Cecum usually contains?

Gas

Large intestine size in dogs

Less than or equal to L7 (lateral view)

Large intestine size in cats

1.3 x length of L5

Medial iliac ln. aka?

Sublumbar

Medial iliac ln. location?

1. Ventral to L6-sacrum | 2. Dorsal to descending colon

Mesenteric lymph nodes drain?

Abdominal viscera

Most prominent mesenteric ln.

Cranial mesenteric

Enlarged mesenteric ln. are seen as?

Intestine displaced in all directions