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Gross Anatomy Exam 3 > Abdominal Radiology > Flashcards

Abdominal Radiology Flashcards

1
Q

In dogs, which lobe of liver is easiest to see?

A

Left lateral lobe (most caudoventral)

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2
Q

In cats, which lobe of liver is easiest to see?

A

Right lateral lobe (most central)

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3
Q

Best way to assess liver size

A

Gastric axis

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4
Q

Gastric axis

A

Line from fundus to pylorus

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5
Q

Gastric axis caudally displaced

A

Big liver

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6
Q

Gastric axis cranially displaced

A

Small liver

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7
Q

Spleen size

A

Variable

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8
Q

Location f head of spleen

A

Left cranial

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9
Q

___ of spleen is tethered in place while ___ is mobile

A

Head tethered, tail mobile

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10
Q

Lateral view of spleen in cat

A

Just caudal to stomach

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11
Q

Normal pancreas seen?

A

Not seen normally

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12
Q

Body of pancreas is located next to?

A

Pylorus and proximal duodenum

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13
Q

Right limb of pancreas is located next to?

A

Descending duodenum

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14
Q

Left limb of pancreas is located next to?

A

Greater curvature of stomach

Longer in cat

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15
Q

Location of kidneys in cats

A

L1-L5

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16
Q

Location of kidneys in dogs

A

T13-L3

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17
Q

Kidney shape in cats

A

More rounded than dogs

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18
Q

___ kidney is more mobile and pnedulous

A

Left

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19
Q

Kidney size is assessed on?

A

VD view, compared to length of L2 vertebral body

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20
Q

Normal length of kidney in dog

A

2.5-3.5 * length of L2

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21
Q

Normal length of kidney in cat

A

2-3 * length of L2

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22
Q

Cranial pole of right kidney sits in?

A

Renal fossa of caudate lobe of liver (can make it hard to distinguish)

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23
Q

How are ureters seen?

A

Only visualized with contrast

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24
Q

Ureters enter bladder at?

A

Trigone (cranial proximal aspect)

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25
Q

Why is bladder difficult to evaluate on VD view?

A

Superimposition of spine, colon and prepuce (if male)

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26
Q

How is urethra seen?

A

Not seen without contrast

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27
Q

Sections of male urethra

A
  1. Prostatic urethra
  2. Membranous urethra (pelvic)
  3. Penile urethra
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28
Q

How is uterus seen?

A

Not normally seen

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29
Q

Body of uterus sits between?

A

Bladder and colon

30
Q

3 parts of uterus

A

2 horns and body

31
Q

Gravid uterus first seen at?

A

25-30 days

32
Q

Fetal mineralization in cats

A

35-39 days

33
Q

Fetal mineralization in dogs

A

42-45 days in dogs

34
Q

Normal prostate in dogs seen?

A

Maybe or may not, shouldn’t be visible in neutered dog

35
Q

Normal prostate in cats seen?

A

Never visualized

36
Q

Prostate location

A
  1. ventral to rectum

2. Dorsal to pubis

37
Q

Prostate shape

A

Rounded, enlarged in intact males

38
Q

GI contrast

A

Positive or negative can be used

39
Q

Canine stomach extends from?

A

Left body wall to right body wall

40
Q

Feline stomach location

A

Predominantly within left cr. quadrant with pylorus on midline

(More J-shaped)

41
Q

Diaphragmatic crura in right lateral view

42
Q

What is serosal detail?

A

Ability to visualize serosal margins of abdominal organs

43
Q

Natural contrast in abdomen comes from?

A

Peritoneal fat

44
Q

Causes for poor serosal detail

A
  1. Emaciated patient
  2. Young animal (brown fat has higher wat)
  3. Fluid in peritoneal space
  4. Serosal disease
  5. Excessive scatter (large dogs scatter x-ray more)
45
Q

Easiest margin of liver to see?

A

Caudoventral

46
Q

Why is caudal margin of liver difficult to see?

A

Border effacement with stomach

47
Q

Visible retroperitoneal structures

A
  1. Lumbar mm.

2. Kidneys

48
Q

Retroperitoneal structures not usually seen

A
  1. Ureters
  2. Adrenal glands
  3. Ln. (medial iliac)
  4. Lv.
49
Q

What can be used to highlight the urinary system?

A

Positive contrast agents

50
Q

Kidneys are located where?

A

Cranial dorsal abdomen

51
Q

Which kidney is more caudal and can be pendulous?

52
Q

Urinary bladder extends in what direction as it fills with urine?

53
Q

3 regions of urinary bladder

A
  1. Apex
  2. Body
  3. Neck/trigone
54
Q

Enlargement of adrenal glands results in?

A

Caudolateral displacement of adjacent kidney

55
Q

Lateral view of prostate

A

Separated from bladder and ventral body wall by triangle of fat

56
Q

Prostate size (lateral view)

A

Less than 2/3 of pelvic inlet

57
Q

Fundus is more visible with what view?

A

Right lateral view

58
Q

Pylorus is more visible with what view?

A

Left lateral view

59
Q

Small intestine gas content in fasted dog

60
Q

Small intestine gas content in fasted cat

A

Minimal to none

61
Q

Small intestine size in cats

A

Less than 2x body of L5 (lateral view)

(or

62
Q

Small intestine size in dogs

A

1.6 x body of L5 (lateral view)

63
Q

Small intestine in obese cats will be?

A

Bunched ventrally and to the right

64
Q

Cecum can be seen in the dog or the cat?

A

Dog - not visible in cat

65
Q

Cecum usually contains?

66
Q

Large intestine size in dogs

A

Less than or equal to L7 (lateral view)

67
Q

Large intestine size in cats

A

1.3 x length of L5

68
Q

Medial iliac ln. aka?

69
Q

Medial iliac ln. location?

A
  1. Ventral to L6-sacrum

2. Dorsal to descending colon

70
Q

Mesenteric lymph nodes drain?

A

Abdominal viscera

71
Q

Most prominent mesenteric ln.

A

Cranial mesenteric

72
Q

Enlarged mesenteric ln. are seen as?

A

Intestine displaced in all directions

Gross Anatomy Exam 3 (11 decks)

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