Urinary Tract Flashcards
Patient’s on chronic hemodialysis can develop:
Acquired renal cystic disease and RCC
Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease
AKA infantile polycystic kidney disease. Bilateral enlarged and hyperechoic kidneys in the fetal kidneys
What is an excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood called?
Azotemia
What is the chemical waste molecule that is generated in the muscle and excreted in the urine?
Creatinine
What muscle controls the appropriate emptying of the urinary bladder?
Detrusor muscle
Formation of air in the kidney second to a bacterial infection:
Emphysematous pyelonephritis
Hyperkalemia:
Too much potassium in the blood
RCC aka?
Hypernephroma
Lactate dehydrogenase:
enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function. May also be a marker for some ovarian tumors
What’s the most common solid malignant abdominal mass? AKA?
Nephroblastoma — Wilm’s tumor
Functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
Oliguria:
decreased urine output
Oncocytoma:
A benign renal tumor found in men in their 60’s
Pheochromocytoma
A benign, solid adrenal tumour associated with uncontrollable hypertension
What is prune belly syndrome:
A syndrome that is a consequence of the abdominal wall musculature being stretched by an extremely enlarged urinary bladder.
Renal artery ratio
a ratio calculated by dividing the highest renal artery velocity by the highest aortic velocity obtained at the level of the renal arteries
Staghorn calculus:
a large stone that completely fills and takes up the shape of the renal pelvis
Muscular bundles are:
trabeculae
Tuberous sclerosis
A systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs
You are doing an abdominal ultrasound and are looking for the left kidney. It is not in the usual location and the patient states they have not had any surgeries. Assuming the pt has 2 kidneys, where is the lt kidney most likely to be?
Pelvis
What’s the most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract?
Duplex collecting system
Most common cause of acute renal failure?
Acute tubular necrosis
Most common cause of chronic renal failure?
Diabetes
Most common renal mass?
Cyst
People with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome also have the propensity to develop?
Kidney cysts, RCC and pheochromocytomas
What’s the most common culprit of emphysematous pyelonephritis?
E- coli
Also more likely to be seen in diabetic pt’s
Most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections?
Candida albicans
Most common location for a stone to become lodged is?
UVJ
All of the following are clinical findings of acute renal failure: hematuria, hypertension, oliguria, decreased BUN and creatinine
Decreased BUN and creatinine
Which of the following is not considered an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? Ureteral stricture, pregnancy, neurogenic bladder, or fibrodis
Ureteral stricture
