Urinary Tract

Question 1

Patient’s on chronic hemodialysis can develop:

Answer 1

Acquired renal cystic disease and RCC

Question 2

Autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease

Answer 2

AKA infantile polycystic kidney disease. Bilateral enlarged and hyperechoic kidneys in the fetal kidneys

Question 3

What is an excess of urea or other nitrogenous compounds in the blood called?

Answer 3

Azotemia

Question 4

What is the chemical waste molecule that is generated in the muscle and excreted in the urine?

Answer 4

Creatinine

Question 5

What muscle controls the appropriate emptying of the urinary bladder?

Answer 5

Detrusor muscle

Question 6

Formation of air in the kidney second to a bacterial infection:

Answer 6

Emphysematous pyelonephritis

Question 7

Hyperkalemia:

Answer 7

Too much potassium in the blood

Question 8

RCC aka?

Answer 8

Hypernephroma

Question 9

Lactate dehydrogenase:

Answer 9

enzyme found within the blood that may be used to monitor renal function. May also be a marker for some ovarian tumors

Question 10

What’s the most common solid malignant abdominal mass? AKA?

Answer 10

Nephroblastoma — Wilm’s tumor

Question 11

Functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 11

Nephron

Question 12

Oliguria:

Answer 12

decreased urine output

Question 13

Oncocytoma:

Answer 13

A benign renal tumor found in men in their 60’s

Question 14

Pheochromocytoma

Answer 14

A benign, solid adrenal tumour associated with uncontrollable hypertension

Question 15

What is prune belly syndrome:

Answer 15

A syndrome that is a consequence of the abdominal wall musculature being stretched by an extremely enlarged urinary bladder.

Question 16

Renal artery ratio

Answer 16

a ratio calculated by dividing the highest renal artery velocity by the highest aortic velocity obtained at the level of the renal arteries

Question 17

Staghorn calculus:

Answer 17

a large stone that completely fills and takes up the shape of the renal pelvis

Question 18

Muscular bundles are:

Answer 18

trabeculae

Question 19

Tuberous sclerosis

Answer 19

A systemic disorder that leads to the development of tumors within various organs

Question 20

You are doing an abdominal ultrasound and are looking for the left kidney. It is not in the usual location and the patient states they have not had any surgeries. Assuming the pt has 2 kidneys, where is the lt kidney most likely to be?

Answer 20

Pelvis

Question 21

What’s the most common congenital anomaly of the urinary tract?

Answer 21

Duplex collecting system

Question 22

Most common cause of acute renal failure?

Answer 22

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 23

Most common cause of chronic renal failure?

Answer 23

Diabetes

Question 24

Most common renal mass?

Answer 24

Cyst

Question 25

People with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome also have the propensity to develop?

Answer 25

Kidney cysts, RCC and pheochromocytomas

Question 26

What’s the most common culprit of emphysematous pyelonephritis?

Answer 26

E- coli

Also more likely to be seen in diabetic pt’s

Question 27

Most common cause of fungal urinary tract infections?

Answer 27

Candida albicans

Question 28

Most common location for a stone to become lodged is?

Answer 28

UVJ

Question 29

All of the following are clinical findings of acute renal failure: hematuria, hypertension, oliguria, decreased BUN and creatinine

Answer 29

Decreased BUN and creatinine

Question 30

Which of the following is not considered an extrinsic cause of hydronephrosis? Ureteral stricture, pregnancy, neurogenic bladder, or fibrodis

Answer 30

Ureteral stricture