The Gastrointestinal Tract

Question 1

Bezoars:

Answer 1

masses of various ingested material that may cause an intestinal obstruction

Question 2

What segments of bowel are susceptible to intussusception?

Answer 2

Proximal (aka intussusceptum) into distal (aka intussuscipiens)

Question 3

What happens with malrotation of the midgut?

Answer 3

A situation in which the small bowel mesentery rotates around the SMA

Question 4

Olive sign:

Answer 4

When the pyloric sphincter muscle is enlarged and palpable on physical examination of the abdomen–indicative of pyloric stenosis

Question 5

Paralytic ileus:

Answer 5

lack of normal peristalsis

Question 6

Red currant jelly stool:

Answer 6

Feces that contain a mixture of mucus and blood; a common finding in patients suffering from intussusception

Question 7

3 types of bezoars: lacto, tricho and phyto

Answer 7

Lacto: powdered milk
Tricho: matted hair
Phyto: vegetable matter

Question 8

Most proximal portion of the GI tract:

Answer 8

Mouth

Question 9

Bowel wall thickness:

Answer 9

<5mm

Question 10

Layer of bowel and their echogenicity?

Answer 10

Superficial mucosa- Echogenic
Deep mucosa- Hypo
Submucosa- Echogenic
Muscularis propria- Hypo
Serosa- Echogenic

Question 11

Inflamed appendix will measure _________ in diameter:

Answer 11

> 6mm

Taken outer to outer

Question 12

Who is most likely to encounter hypertrophied pyloric stenosis?

Answer 12

First born males 2-8wks old

Question 13

A 3wk old infant comes into the ultrasound department with nonbilious projectile vomiting, weight loss, dehydration, constipation and insatiable appetite. There is a palpable area upon physical examination. Ehat is going on?

Answer 13

Hypertrophied pyloric stenosis

Question 14

If pyloric stenosis is present, the wall of the pyloric muscle will measure

Answer 14

> 3mm wall

>17mm length

Question 15

What organs does bowel carcinoma usually metastasize from?

Answer 15

Skin

Lung and breast

Question 16

What’s the treatment of intussusception?

Answer 16

Contrast enema

Question 17

Most common cause of intestinal obstruction in children less than 2yrs of age is:

Answer 17

intussusception

Question 18

For better sonographic visualization of the pyloric sphincter, the infant is placed in:

Answer 18

RLD