Urinary System - Test

Question 1

Functional unit of the kidney

Answer 1

Nephron

Question 2

Functions of the the Urinary System

Answer 2

1. Remove nitrogenous wastes, certain salts, and water from blood
2. Maintain acid-base balance
3. Secrete waste
4. Eliminate urine

Question 3

Know how to label the structure of a nephron

Answer 3

Including loop of Henle, collecting duct, glomerulus, glomerular capsule, proximal convoluted tubule , distal convoluted tubule, renal capsule

Question 4

Stores urine and forces it into the urethra

Answer 4

Bladder

Question 5

Maintain homeostasis by regulating the composition, volume, and the pH of extra cellular fluid, secrete erythropoietin to regulate red blood cell production, activate vitamin D, maintain blood pressure and blood volume

Answer 5

Kidneys

Question 6

The volume of water and amounts of solute that the kidneys must eliminate from the body or retain in the internal environment to maintain homeostasis

Answer 6

Urine composition

Question 7

A small molecule that is released by the pituitary gland

Answer 7

ADH

Question 8

The muscle walls propel the urine, they move urine along the length of the _______

Answer 8

Ureter

Question 9

What affects urine

Answer 9

Your diet, exercise, drugs, water intake, and diseases all affect your urine’s pH, color, etc.

Question 10

Located at the top of the kidney, produce hormones that help control the body sugar and burn protein and fat

Answer 10

Adrenal gland

Question 11

A proteolytic enzyme synthesized, stored, and secreted by the juxtaglomerular cells of the kidney

Answer 11

Renin

Question 12

How does ADH affect urine formation

Answer 12

It prevents the production of dilute urine

Question 13

Conveys urine from the bladder to the outside, functions as part of the urinary and reproductive system

Answer 13

Urethra

Question 14

What are kidney stones

Answer 14

They are composed of uric acid, calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, or magnesium phosphate. They form in collecting ducts or your renal pelvis. Passing stones cause a severe pain, nausea, and blood in urine. 60% pass on their own. Others are removed surgically. Excess intake of vitamin D causes kidney stones, but it can also be inherited. The best way to prevent them is to drink lots of water.

Question 15

Non-protein nitrogen a substance resulting from protein metabolism

Answer 15

Urea

Question 16

Urination, the process that expels urine from the bladder

Answer 16

Micturition

Question 17

How does renin affect urine formation

Answer 17

It plays a role in blood pressure regulation which is important, because in order for urine to begin to filter, there must be a high level of blood pressure

Question 18

Product of the metabolism of certain organic bases and nucleic acid

Answer 18

Uric acid

Question 19

What is the urine formation process

Answer 19

Step 1: glomerular filtration – blood goes to the kidneys, then glomerulus, blood plasma enters the glomerulus capsule (here it becomes filtrate)
Step 2: tubular reabsorption – filtrate goes into your tubules (here it becomes tubular fluid). Water is reabsorbed back into the blood and waste stays
Step 3: tubular secretion – waste is secreted into collecting ducts
Step 4: water conservation – once in the collecting ducts it is called urine, then water is reabsorbed
Step 5: it leaves the collecting ducts and enters the ureter, bladder, urethra, and exits the body

Question 20

Be able to label the kidney, adrenal gland, ureter, bladder, urethra if given a diagram

Answer 20

Can be found on page 470 in your book