Urinary System Practice Test Flashcards
-Eliminates nitrogenous waste
-Regulates blood
-balances electrolytes (salt and water)
-major role in balanceing pH
-produces renin which controls BP
-Stimulates RBC production in bone marrow using the hormone
erythropoietin
-Convert vitamin D into its active form
functions of the urinary system
Name three organs of excretion and the substances that are excreted?
- Kidneys: water, electrolytes and nitrogenous waste
- Longs: water and CO2
- Intestines: feces and bile pigments
What is the outermost covering of the kidney called
Fibrous capsule
Name the three major regions of the kidney and where are the renal pyramids located?
- Renal cortex
- Renal medulla: houses renal pyramids
- Renal pelvis
Which of the following solutes are not normally found in urine?
- uric acid
- urea
- creatinine
- ammonia
- glucose
Glucose
Which for substances are considered nitrogenous waste?
- Uric acid
- Urea
- Ammonia
- creatinine
What is the structural and functional unit of the kidneys?
Nephrons: about 1 million per kidney
What are the two main sets of capillary beds associated with the nephron?
- Glomerulus
2. Renal capillaries
Where can you find smooth muscle tissue in the urinary track?
- Ureter
- Urinary bladder
- Internal urinary sphincter
- Urethra
What is the name of the condition in which the kidneys droop? What would cause such a condition?
Nephroptosis
From excessive weight loss
How much of the blood from the heart is delivered to the kidneys? Which blood vessel brings the blood into the kidney? Which blood vessel takes blood from the kidneys?
- 20-25%
- Renal arteries
- Renal vein’s
Name the three processes involved with urine formation. Where do they occur?
- Filtration: glomerului and Bowmans capsule
- Reabsorption: renal tubule and peritubular capillaries
- Secretion: collecting ducts
Name 2 normal components of filtrate
- Water
2. Dissolved substances
Name three substances found in secretion
- K+
- H+
- Uric acid
What is the average amount of urine excreted in a 24 hour period?
1.5 L
What does protein in the urine indicate?
Glomerular damage
For the organs of the urinary track other than the kidneys, Name the organs, give the number of each Organ, and state their function
2 ureters: conducts urine from kidneys to the urinary bladder
1 urinary bladder: temporary storage for urine
1 urethra: conducts urine from the urinary bladder to outside the body
Which body systems is an urologist responsible for?
Urinary system: both men and women
Reproductive system: just men
Describe the difference between the male and the female urethra?
Male: 8”
Female: 1.5”
Why is the female more likely to get a urinary track infection?
-Because the urethra is shorter than the male E. coli has a
shorter distance to travel
-holding urine too long
-poor hygiene
-scanty pantiesWhich sphincter is controlled during micturition? What type of muscle is it?
External sphincter
Skeletal muscle
Define anuria and oliguria?
Anuria: without urine, less than 100 mL/day
Oliguria: scanty urine, 100-400 mL/day
When would urinary retention likely occur in a male?
Enlarged prostate gland
Name for NORMAL sources of fluid loss for the body.
- Sweating
- Urinating
- Ejaculation
- Respiration
Which Electrolyte is mainly responsible for the osmotic flow of water? What is the rule that is governed by it?
Salt : Na+
“water always follows salt”
Which hormone is responsible for preventing excessive water loss in urine?
Antidiuretic hormone
ADH
What are four ways that excess fluids can be lost from the body?
- Kidneys: urine
- Sweat glands: sweat
- Lungs: Water and CO2
- Intestines: feces
Which hormone regulates blood volume and hence BP by regulating sodium?
aldosterone
Name a condition in which excessive amounts of urine are produced due to a deficiency of ADH
Diabetes insipidus
What makes the trigone area significant?
Likely infection site due to urine collecting there
Name for abnormal constituents of urine and the condition they may represent.
- Glucose: glycosuria
- RBC’s: hematuria
- Hemoglobin: hemoglobinuria
- WBC’s: Pyuria
Explain the difference between urinary/ renal suppression and urinary retention.
Urinary renal suppression: due to kidney failures lack of urine production.
Urinary retention is the inability to pass or release urine.
Explain the difference between uremia and hematuria.Which one requires dialysis?
Uremia: urine in the blood requires dialysis
Hematuria: Blood in the urine
Which type of epithelium is present in the urinary bladder? What makes this piece epithelium so special?
Transitional epithelium
It expands without bursting
Explain what happens in benign prosthetic hyperplasia (hypertropia)?
There is the urge to urinate but they experience dysuria and urinary retention. These cans lead to UTIs.
Which body systems does the male urethra belong to? What are its rules in each body system?
Urinary system: to conduct urine out of the body
Reproductive system: to conduct sperm and semen out of the body
Describe the location of the kidneys and the hormonal glands that are associated with them.
In retro peritoneal cavity surrounded by adipose pads
Adrenal glands
How do diuretics work in the body? How do they affect BP?
They block the tubular reabsorption of sodium and water so they stayed in the tubules and leave with the urine
This increases urination which decreases BP
