Reproductive System Practice Test Flashcards
What are the primary sex organs for a male? A female?
Male: testes
Female: ovaries
Male external genitalia consist of?
Scrotum and penis
Describe cryptorchidism
State of hidden testis/testes
Why does the scrotum hang loosely and lower than the rest of the body?
To keep the testes below body temperature
Where do sperm originate?
Seminiferous tubules
How many chromosomes are found in a mature sperm cell?
23
What is another name for sperm cell?
gamete
Where do sperm mature?
Epididymis
What does the sperm maturation process consist of?
Learning to swim by peristalsis
Name the three parts to the mature sperm
1-Head
2-body/midpiece
3-tail
Is sperm alkaline or acidic?
Alkaline
How does the Semens pH aid when coming into contact with the vagina?
It neutralizes the acidness environment of the vagina
Which structure is cut cauterized during a vasectomy?
Vas Deferens
What happens to sperm after a vasectomy?
They stay in the testes and are reabsorbed by the body
Which two structures join to form the ejaculatory duct?
Vas Deferens and seminal vessels
Which portion of the male duct system serves another body system?
Urethra
Which body system does the urethra serve?
Both urinary and reproductive systems
What are the roles of the urethra both body systems?
Urinary: to conduct urine out of the body
Reproductive: to conduct semen and sperm out of the body
How is it that ejaculation and urination do not occur at the same time?
The bladder sphincter contracts during ejaculation
Name the three accessory glands that contribute to the composition of semen.
1-paired seminal vessels
2-prostate gland
3-bulbourethral gland
Why is the DRE so important for men over 40?
To detect prostatitis or BPH
What is the number one reason for male urology visits?
Prostatitis
What occurs during BPH?
The prostate strangles the urethra causing dysuria and possibly UTIs
What is the name of the procedure that removes the prepuce?
Circumcision
Name the three parts to the penis?
1-shaft
2-glans penis
3-prepuce
What is the process called that propels sperm from the seminiferous tubules to the epididymis?
Peristalsis
What is it called when men can no longer achieve an erection?
Erectile dysfunction ED
What is it that makes erectile tissue erect?
Blood and soft tissue
Define ejaculation
The expulsion of semen and sperm to the out side
Where is testosterone produced?
Interstitial cells surrounding the seminiferous tubules
Types of secondary male sex characteristics
1-deepening of the voice 2-increase of hair growth all over 3-thickenikng of the skin more sweating 4-heavier muscle mass 5-thickening of the bones
Describe the difference between ova and sperm?
Sperm are smaller, fragile and have scanty nutrients.
What are the four functions of the female reproductive system?
1-produce ova
2-produce estrogen and progesterone
3-Nurture and protect developing fetus
4-receive semen and sperm into reproductive tract
When does a female receive her a lifetime supply of ovarian follicles/eggs?
During fetal development
At what time in the females life to her eggs reach maturity? How often and for how long?
About 400 eggs mature; one per month from puberty to menopause; about 40 to 45 years
What happens to the egg if it is not fertilized?
It dies and goes out with the menses
What causes ovarian cyst’s? How are they usually resolved?
If corpus luteum becomes fluid filled or blood filled
Usually resolves on their own
What are the female hormones?
Estrogen and progesterone
What is the female hormone that controls:
- pubic and auxiliary hair
- breast development
- inlargemeant of internal reproductive organs
- widening of pelvis
- stops growth spurt
- deposit fat in2 hips and breasts
- monarche
Estrogen
What is the female hormone that controls:
- Maintains pregnancy
- prepares breast for milk production
- establishes menstrual cycle
Progesterone
What is another name for the fallopian tube’s?
Uterine tubes
Oviducts
Define ectopic pregnancy. Give to possible causes.
Implantation outside of the uterus
1-STI’s
2-tubal ligation
Why does a pregnant woman feel the urge to urinate so often?
Pressure from the fetus in the uterus is on the bladder
What are the three major parts of the uterus?
1-fundus
2-body
3-cervix
How can STI’s cause infertility in women?
Scarring or blockage of/in tubes
What are the three layers of the uterine wall from the inner most to outer most layer? Which layer is shed each month as menses?
1-endometrium ***
2-myometrium
3-epimetrium
What are the roles of the vagina?
Serves as a canal for:
- birth
- menses
- semen and sperm
Name five regions of female external genitalia
1-mons pubis 2 labia majora 3-labia minora 4-Metus 5-vestibule 6-clitoris 7-obstetric perinum
Name the gonadotropins. What are their purpose.
FSH, LH and testosterone
Explains what happens to estrogen and progesterone at ovulation
Progesterone goes up while estrogen that goes down
Name the three phases of the uterine or menstrual cycle.
1-menstrual phase
2-proliferative phase
3-secretory phase
What is the hormone produced to detect pregnancy?
hCG: Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
If a woman wants to become pregnant, how soon after ovulation must she have sex in order to maximize her chances of conception? What is it based upon?
12 to 24 hours and is based on the lifespan of the egg/ova
What is the earliest before ovulation a woman can have sex and possibly become pregnant? What is it based upon?
2 to 3 days and is based on the lifespan of the sperm
Give the clinical definition of menopause? What are three symptoms?
The sensation of ovulation and menses that occurs after a whole year has passed without menstruation
- night sweats
- insomnia
- hot flashes
Define birth control. Choose three different methods and describe how they work. Be sure to mention any downsides of each method.
To prevent the union of egg and sperm
Abstinence-most effective but least fun
Barrier method: Mechanical-condoms, diaphragm
Chemicals-foams, jellies
IUD’s: prevents implantation instead of conception
