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The Human Body In Health & Illness > Ch 23: Digestive System > Flashcards

Ch 23: Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

It’s purpose is to break down or digest the food into particles smaller and simpler enough to be absorbed by your body’s cells.

A

Digestive system

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2
Q

It’s purpose is composed of four functions: ingestion, digestion, absorption and desiccation

It is a hollow muscular tube extending from mouth to anus consisting of: mouth, for Alex, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large intestine, rectum, and anus

Accessory organs include: Salivary gland’s, teeth, liver, gallbladder, pancreas and tongue

A

Alimentary canal or G.I. tract

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3
Q

This involves the breaking down of food

Two types:

  • mechanical: breakdown of large food particles into smaller particles by physical means
  • chemical: Alteration of food by chemical means involves digestive enzymes from the mouth, stomach, and testing, acid and bile
A

Digestion

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4
Q

This is the movement of the end products of digestion movie across the walls of the digestive tract into the blood for distribution throughout the body, what’s not digested ends up as a waste

A

Absorption

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5
Q

This is formed by four layers:

  • mucosa
  • submucosa
  • muscle layer
  • Serosa
A

Layers of the digestive track

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6
Q

A layer of the digestive track

Innermost layer of mucous membrane

A

mucosa

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7
Q

A layer of the digestive track

Lies next to the mucosa, Blood vessels, nerves and glands

A

submucosa

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8
Q

A layer of the digestive track

Two layers; enter circular and outer longitudinal

Responsible for contraction and relaxation mixes food mechanically

Involves peristalsis

A

Muscle layer

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9
Q

Pushes food from one part of the G.I. tract to another

Stimulated by the presence of food

A

Peristalsis

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10
Q

A layer of the digestive track

Outer most layer that extends to the peritoneum

Attaches digestive organs to wall cavity

A

Seriously what

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11
Q

External Nervous system regulates the gut movement and secretions

Part of the Parasympathetic nervous system (rest and digest)

A

Innervation

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12
Q

Extensions of the Sabrosa that produce large faults in the abdominal cavity which service several purposes:

  • anchors digestive organs
  • carries blood vessels, length vessels and nerves to the abdominal organs
  • mesentery and mesocolon are located behind the digestive organs
  • greater and lesser omentum’s are located behind the digestive organs
A

Peritoneal membranes

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13
Q

A structure or organ of the digestive track

Includes:

  • teeth
  • tongue
  • salivary gland‘s
  • hard and soft palate
  • uvula
A

Mouth

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14
Q

A structure or organ of the mouth

Choose food into smaller pieces by mastication

Two sets: 20 deciduous and 32 permanent:

  • Incisors
  • canines /cuspids
  • premolars bicuspids
  • molars (includes 4 wisdom)
A

Teeth

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15
Q

A structure or organ of the mouth

A muscular organ that facilitates chewing and swallowing by forming a bolus

Allows for test (sweet, sour, salty and bitter)

Frenulum Anchors it to the floor of the mouth

A

Tongue

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16
Q

A structure or organ of the mouth

Includes three pairs:

  • parotid gland
  • Submandibular glands
  • Sublingual glands

1 L of saliva is produced daily to moisten and soften foods

A

salivary gland’s

17
Q

A structure or organ of the mouth

Forms the roof of the mouth

Two types:

  • anterior hard: separates oral cavity from nasal passages
  • posterior soft: separates the oral cavity from nasopharynx
A

Hard and soft pallets

18
Q

A structure or organ of the mouth

Part of the soft palate that extends towards the back of oral cavity; plays a role in swallowing

A

Uvula

19
Q

A structure or organ of the digestive track

Comprised of three parts:

  • nasopharynx (not part of the digestive system)
  • Oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx (includes epiglottis: gatekeeper 1)
A

Pharynx or throat

20
Q

A structure or organ of the digestive track

The food tube that carries food from the Pharynx to the stomach

Two types of sphincters:

  • pharyngoesophageal
  • Lower esophageal sphincter
A

Esophagus

21
Q

A Sphincter of the esophagus

Located at the top of the esophagus

Gate keeper number two

A

pharyngoesophageal Sphincter

22
Q

A Sphincter of the esophagus

Gatekeeper number three

Involved in Gastro esophageal reflux disease by causing a burning sensation

A

Lower esophageal sphincter

23
Q

This organ of the digestive track does the following actions::

  • secretes gastric juices, enzymes and hormones
  • regulates movement of food into the duodenum
  • Digest carbohydrates and proteins
  • absorbs small amounts of water, certain drugs and alcohol

Different regions include:

  • fundus: Top
  • body
  • pylorus: Bottom (includes gatekeeper # 4)
  • greater and lesser curvature
  • regae: Thick folds that allow 4 expansion when empty
A

Stomach

The Human Body In Health & Illness (4 decks)

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