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Phase 1 > Urinary System Embryology > Flashcards

Urinary System Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

What layer of mesoderm forms the urinary system?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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2
Q

What is the area of intermediate mesoderm that forms the urinary system?

A

Urogenital ridge

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3
Q

What 3 systems do the kidneys develop from?

A
  1. Pronephros
  2. Mesonephros
  3. Metanephros
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4
Q

When does the pronephros appear?

A

4th week of development

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5
Q

Where does the pronephros start its development?

A

In the cervical region

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6
Q

What are the tubules of intermediate mesoderm called?

A

Nephrotomes

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7
Q

How many nephrotomes form?

A

6-10 pairs

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8
Q

Where do the tubules join?

A

Into the pronephric duct

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9
Q

What is the pronephric duct?

A

A duct that extends from the cervical region to the distal end of the embryo

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10
Q

Where does the mesonephros develop from?

A

Caudally (inferiorly) to the pronephros

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11
Q

What does the presence of the pronephric duct induce?

A

Nearby intermediate mesoderm in the thoracolumbar region forms mesonephric tubules

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12
Q

Where do the mesonephric tubules get their capillaries from? Why do they need them?

A

The dorsal aorta so that they can filtrate blood

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13
Q

Where do the mesonephric tubules drain filtered blood into?

A

The mesonephric duct

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14
Q

What is the mesonephric duct?

A

A continuation of the pronephric duct that drains blood from the primitive kidneys to the cloaca

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15
Q

What is a cloaca?

A

A common passageway for faeces, urine and reproduction

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16
Q

What sprouts from the mesonephric duct?

A

The ureteric bud

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17
Q

What does the ureteric bud induce?

A

The development of the definitive kidney

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18
Q

What forms the definitive kidney?

A

The metanephros

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19
Q

When does the metanephros appear?

A

5th week of development

20
Q

When does the metanephros become functional?

A

12th week of development

21
Q

What does the ureteric bud make contact with?

A

The metanephric blastema

22
Q

What is the metanephric blastema?

A

A caudal region of the intermediate mesoderm

23
Q

What are the 2 components of the metanephric system?

A
  1. Collecting system

2. Excretory system

24
Q

What is the collecting system derived from?

A

The ureteric bud

25
Q

What is the excretory system derived from?

A

The metanephric blastema

26
Q

What makes up the collecting system?

A
  1. Ureter
  2. Renal pelvis
  3. Major and minor calyces
  4. Collecting tubules
27
Q

What makes up the excretory system?

A

The nephron

28
Q

What does the proximal end of the excretory tubule form?

A

The Bowman’s capsule around a glomerulus

29
Q

What does the distal end of the excretory tubule form?

A
  1. Proximal convoluted tubule
  2. Loop of Henle
  3. Distal convoluted tubule
30
Q

Where does the definitive kidney initially develop?

A

The pelvic region and then ascends into the abdomen

31
Q

Where does the kidney receive blood from initially?

A

A pelvic branch of the abdominal aorta

32
Q

Where does the kidney receive blood from when it ascends?

A

New arteries from the abdominal aorta supply it

33
Q

Where do the bladder and urethra form from?

A

The cloaca

34
Q

Which weeks does the cloaca divide into two?

A

4th-7th weeks

35
Q

What does the cloaca divide into?

A
  1. Urogenital sinus

2. Anal canal

36
Q

What structure divides the two sections of the cloaca?

A

The uro-rectal septum

37
Q

What are the three parts of the urogenital sinus?

A
  1. Upper part
  2. Pelvic part
  3. Caudal/phallic part
38
Q

What does the upper part of the urogenital sinus form?

A

The bladder

39
Q

What does the pelvic part of the urogenital sinus form?

A
  1. Urethra
  2. Some of female reproductive tract
  3. Prostatic and membranous urethra in males
40
Q

What does the caudal/phallic part of the urogenital sinus form?

A
  1. Part of the female reproductive tract

2. Spongy urethra in males

41
Q

What is the bladder initially drained by?

A

The allantois

42
Q

What happens to the allantois during foetal development?

A

It is obliterated and becomes a fibrous cord = the urachus

43
Q

What is the median umbilical ligament?

A

Remnants of the urachus in adults, connecting the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus

44
Q

What does the bladder absorb when developing?

A

The caudal parts of the mesonephric ducts to become the trigone of the bladder

45
Q

Where do the ureters enter the bladder?

A

At the base of the trigone

46
Q

What happens to the mesonephric ducts in females?

A

They degenerate due to lack of testicular androgens

47
Q

What happens to the mesonephric ducts in males?

A

They move caudally and closer together, entering the prostatic urethra to become the ejaculatory ducts

Phase 1 (9 decks)

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