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Phase 1 > Blood Components > Flashcards

Blood Components Flashcards

1
Q

What is an erythrocyte?

A

A red blood cell

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2
Q

What is a leukocyte?

A

A white blood cell

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3
Q

What are the 3 major components of the blood and what percentages do they make up?

A
  1. Plasma (55%)
  2. Erythrocytes (45%)
  3. Buffy coat (<1%)
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4
Q

What does the Buffy coat contain?

A
  1. Leukocytes

2. Platelets

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5
Q

What does haematocrit mean?

A

The percent of total blood occupied by erythrocytes

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6
Q

What would low haematocrit indicate?

A

Anaemia

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7
Q

What proteins are in the plasma?

A
  1. Albumin
  2. Globulins
  3. Fibrinogen
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8
Q

What does albumin do?

A

Regulates the oncotic pressure of the blood

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9
Q

What would happen if albumin leaked out of the blood?

A

Fluid would accumulate = oedema

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10
Q

What does albumin transport?

A
  1. Hormones
  2. Drugs
  3. Metabolites
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11
Q

What is fibrinogen converted into and when does this occur?

A

Fibrinogen turns to fibrin when it comes into contact with a damaged blood vessel

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12
Q

What does fibrin do?

A

Initiates the clotting mechanism

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13
Q

What do erythrocytes do?

A

Transport oxygen and carbon dioxide

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14
Q

What do neutrophils do?

A

Enter connective tissues and become active phagocytes

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15
Q

What do eosinophils do?

A

Defence against:

  1. Parasites
  2. Allergic reactions
  3. Chronic inflammation
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16
Q

What do basophils do?

A

Act similar to mast cells and release vasoactive agents

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17
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

Have a pivotal role in the immune system

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18
Q

What do monocytes do?

A

Enter connective tissues and become macrophages

19
Q

What do thrombocytes do?

A

Blood clot formation and repair of injured tissues

20
Q

What shape are erythrocytes?

A

Biconcave discs

21
Q

What don’t erythrocytes have and why?

A

No nucleus to make space for more haemoglobin to carry oxygen/carbon dioxide

22
Q

What is the lifespan of an erythrocyte?

A

120 days

23
Q

How are erythrocytes removed from the bloodstream after 120 days?

A

Phagocytosed by macrophages

24
Q

What does the cytoskeleton of an erythrocyte do?

A
  1. Maintain shape
  2. Maintain stability
  3. Maintain flexibility
25
Q

Why are erythrocytes flexible?

A

So they can fit through narrow capillaries

26
Q

What are the 2 types of leukocytes?

A
  1. Granulocytes

2. Agranulocytes

27
Q

What are the most common granulocytes?

A
  1. Neutrophil
  2. Basophil
  3. Eosinophil
28
Q

What is special about a neutrophil nucleus?

A

It is a polymorph so has multiple different shaped nuclei

29
Q

What do azurophilic granules contain?

A

Lysosomes

30
Q

What do tertiary granules contain?

A

Enzymes that help the neutrophil move to site of inflammation

31
Q

What type of chromatin is more present in a neutrophil in the blood?

A

Heterochromatin as the neutrophil is inactive in the blood

32
Q

What happens to the chromatin when the neutrophil enters the connective tissue?

A

Neutrophil is activated so heterochromatin becomes euchromatin

33
Q

What type of nucleus does an eosinphil have?

A

Bilobed

34
Q

What do the basophil granules secrete?

A
  1. Histamine

2. Hepin

35
Q

What is hep involved in?

A

The clotting mechanism

36
Q

How do basophils become activated?

A

Bind to specific IgE protein

37
Q

What do basophils release?

A

Vasoactive agents

38
Q

What do vasoactive agents do?

A

Dilate blood vessels so more blood cells can reach the site

39
Q

What type of white blood cell are lymphocytes?

A

Agranulocytes as no granules

40
Q

How to lymphocytes leave the blood?

A

Through the lymph nodes

41
Q

What are lymphocytes classed as in the blood?

A

Immunocompetent

42
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

Recognise antigens with specific antigen and initiate immune response/take care of these

43
Q

How do monocytes travel?

A

Through the blood

Phase 1 (9 decks)

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