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Pharm II > Urinary System Drugs > Flashcards

Urinary System Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

These type of urinary system drugs increase urine volume and frequency by increasing elimination of H2O (in turn, increases urine output)

A

Diuretics

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2
Q

Two common reasons we would diuresis a patient

A
  1. Decrease edema

2. Decrease BP

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3
Q

Extracellular fluid accumulation

A

edema

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4
Q

Thiazides, Loop, Potassium-sparing, Carbonic annhydrase inhibitors, and osmotics are all classes of

A

Diuretics

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5
Q

These diuretics work on the DCT of the kidney to manage edema with CHF
Can cause hypokalemia with long term treatment and electrolyte imbalance

Ex: hydrocholothiazide, chlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, and bendroflumethiazide

A

Thiazides

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6
Q

These diuretics are the MOST POTENT and increase the renal excretion of H2O, Na, K, Cl, Mg, H, ammonium, and bicarb
Can cause electrolyte imbalance

Ex: furosemide (Lasix)

A

Loop Diuretics

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7
Q

If furosemide is given IV, what is the onset of action with functioning kidneys? Oral?

A

Immediate; 30 minutes

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8
Q

These diuretics are mild act on the DCT to promote Na and water excretion, but retain Potassium
S/E: hyperkalemia

Ex: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride

A

Potassium-sparing

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9
Q

This enzyme helps maintain pH balance in the body by regulating H and bicarb ions

A

Carbonic annhydrase

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10
Q

These diuretics block the action of carbonic annhydrase in the PCT
Mainly used for decreasing ocular pressure with glaucoma
Can cause acidosis and electrolyte imbalance

Ex: acetazolamide, dichlophenamide

A

CAI’s

carbonic annhydrase inhibitors

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11
Q

These diuretics are quick acting and used for emergencies by increasing the osmolality of the filtrate in the renal tubules
Causes IMMEDIATE diuresis to help prevent renal failure and decrease intraocular pressure

Ex: mannitol, glycerin

A

Osmotics

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12
Q

High blood pressure is AKA

A

Hypertension

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13
Q

What can happen if hypertension is left untreated?

A

Renal and cardiovascular issues

^ BP, ^GFR which = increased kidney workload

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14
Q

Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, Ca-channel blockers, Arteriole vasodilators, Beta Blockers, and Alpha blockers are all examples of

A

Antihypertensives

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15
Q

How do diuretics act as hypertensives?

A

They promote Na and water loss and they decrease fluid volume and pressure within vessels

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16
Q

Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Prevent vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone

Ex: enalapril, captopril, lisinopril, and benazepril

A

ACE inhibitors

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17
Q

The veterinary approved ACE inhibitor

A

enalapril

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18
Q

The number one hypertensive category

A

ACE Inhibitors

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19
Q

These promote myocardial relaxation and lower BP by blocking calcium in the myocardial cells
Affects the GFR by inhibiting contractility of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle

Ex: diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine

A

Ca-Channel Blockers (ccb)

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20
Q

What animals respond best to Ca Channel blockers?

A

Cats

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21
Q

Cause vasodilation to treat acute hypertension

Ex: nitroprusside, hydralazine, minoxidil

A

Direct Acting Arteriole Vasodilators

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22
Q

Minoxidil is AKA

A

Rogaine

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23
Q

Propranalol is a

A

Beta Blocker

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24
Q

Blocks Alpha-1 receptors to cause vasodilation

Ex: Phenoxybenzamine

A

Alpha 1 Blockers

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25
Q

You should monitor 3 things with patients on antihypertensives or diuretics

A

HR, BP, and urine output

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26
Q

AKA stone, calculi

Symptoms include dysuria, hematuria, obstruction

A

Uroliths

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27
Q

_______ affects pH of urine

A

Diet

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28
Q

Most common urolith because they are found in urine naturally

A

struvite (triple phosphate)

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29
Q

Dalmatians and bulldogs are predisposed to what type of uroliths?

A

Urate

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30
Q

An alkaline urolith

A

Struvite

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31
Q

A diet used to treat alkaline uroliths

Is it safe to use as a maitenance diet?

A

S/D

No

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32
Q

Pharmaceuticals used to treat alkaline uroliths

A

methionine or ammonium chloride

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33
Q

The goal of treating alkaline uroliths is _______ pH

A

lowering

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34
Q

3 types of acidic urine crystals

A
  1. calcium oxalate
  2. crystine
  3. ammonium urate
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35
Q

The goal of treating acidic crystals is _________ pH

A

increasing

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36
Q

Type of diet to use to treat acidic uroliths

Is it safe to use as a maitenance diet?

A

K/D

Yes

37
Q

Pharmaceuticals used to treat acidic uroliths

A

potassium citrate and sodium bicarb

38
Q

To treat ammonium urate uroliths, an animal should be put on this type of diet to decrease production of uric acid

A

Low protein, low urea, low oxalate

39
Q

2 Stages of Incontinence

A

Neurological and Non neurological

40
Q

3 types of drugs used to treat neurological incontinence

A
  1. Cholinergics
  2. Anticholinergics
  3. Adrenergic antagonists
41
Q

Used to treat animals with spinal cord bladders by promoting voiding of the bladder
Stimulates action of acetylchholine by direct stimulation of cholinergic receptors
Treats retention issues

Ex: benthanechol

A

Cholinergic

42
Q

Cholinergics cause the bladder to contract and the urethras to

A

relax

43
Q

Treats incontinence by promoting urine retention in the bladder by blocking the binding of acetylcholine to cause muscle relaxation

Ex: proprantheline, dicyclomine, butyl hyoscine

A

Anticholinergics

44
Q

Used to decrease tone of the internal urtethral sphincters

Treats decreased urinary tone due to overdistension of the bladder

A

Alpha antagonists

45
Q

Two Alpha Blockers

A

phenoxybenzamine and prazosine

46
Q

Two things used to treat non neurologic incontinence

A

Estrogen and Testosterone

47
Q

Estrogen and Testosterone help increase the

A

tone of the bladder

48
Q

A side effect of estrogen

A

Bone marrow suppression

49
Q

Non-neurologic incontinence is more common in

A

spayed females >7 years

50
Q

These work by increasing the tone of the urethra

Ex: phenylpropanolamine and ephedrine

A

Adrenergic agonists

51
Q

Causes hemorrhagic strokes in humans but used in animals to treat stress and hormone incontinence

A

PPA (phenylpropanolamine)

52
Q

A xanthine oxidase inhibitor

A

allopurinol

53
Q

Trade name for furosemide

A

Lasix

54
Q

What drug category does propranolol belong to?

A

Beta Blockers

55
Q

What category does spironolactone belong to?

A

Potassium Sparing Diuretic

56
Q

A drug used to promote voiding of urine from the bladder

A

Bethanecole

57
Q

A drug used to treat urinary incontinence by promoting urine retention

A

Propantheline

58
Q

Urine acidifying drug that is used to prevent the formation of struvite uroliths

A

methionine and ammonium chloride

59
Q

A urinary alkalizer used to treat calcium oxalate uroliths

A

Potassium citrate or Sodium bicarbonate

60
Q

What electrolyte may decrease due to prolonged use of thiazides?

A

Potassium

61
Q

What is the onset of action for furosemide when given orally?

A

30 mins

62
Q

What is carbonic annhydrase?

A

Enzyme that helps balance pH

63
Q

Name 2 carbonic annhydrase inhibitors

A
  1. acetazolamide

2. dichlorphenamide

64
Q

The drug of choice for treating hypertension

A

enalapril

65
Q

2 osmotic diuretic used in emergency situations

A
  1. glycerin

2. mannitol

66
Q

4 Thiazides

A
  1. Hydrochlorthiazide
  2. chlorothiazide
  3. hydroflumethiazide
  4. bendroflumethiazide
67
Q

A loop diuretic

A

Furosemide

68
Q

3 Potassium sparing diuretics

A

spirinolactone, amiloride, and triamterene

69
Q

2 Carbonic annhydrase inhibitors

A

acetazolamide and dichlorphenamide

70
Q

2 osmotic diuretics

A

mannitol and glycerin

71
Q

4 ACE inhibitors

A
  1. enalapril
  2. captopril
  3. lisinopril
  4. benazepril
72
Q

3 Ca Channel Blockers

A
  1. diltiazem
  2. verapamil
  3. nifedipine
73
Q

3 Direct Acting Vasodilators

A
  1. hydralazine
  2. nitropresside
  3. minoxidil
74
Q

Beta blocker

A

propranalol

75
Q

Alpha blocker

A

phenoxylbenzamine

76
Q

Alkaline urolith diets

A

Hill’s S/D

77
Q

Alkaline urolith diet (maintenance)

A

Hills C/D
Hills W/D
Iams Low pH/S

78
Q

2 pharmaceuticals used to treat alkaline uroliths

A
  1. methionine

2. ammonium chloride

79
Q

3 diets used to treat acidic uroliths

A
  1. Hills K/D
  2. Iams Moderate pH/O
  3. Purina NF
80
Q

Urine alkalizer

A

potassium citrate

81
Q

2 diets used to treat urate uroliths

A
  1. Hills U/D

2. Purina NF

82
Q

Used to treat urate uroliths

A

xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol)

83
Q

3 types of drugs used to treat neurologic incontinence

A
  1. Cholinergics
  2. anticholinergics
  3. adrenergic agonists
84
Q

A cholinergic used to treat neurological incontinence

A

bethanechol

85
Q

An anticholinergic used to treat neurological incontinence

A

propantheline

86
Q

Alpha adrenergic antagonists used to treat neurological incontinence

A

phenoxybenamine and prazosine

87
Q

Adrenergic agonists used to treat non-neurological incontinence

A

phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and ephedrine

88
Q

2 hormones used to treat non-neurological incontinence

A

estrogen and testosterone

Pharm II (8 decks)

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