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Urinary System Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

These type of urinary system drugs increase urine volume and frequency by increasing elimination of H2O (in turn, increases urine output)

A

Diuretics

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2
Q

Two common reasons we would diuresis a patient

A
  1. Decrease edema

2. Decrease BP

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3
Q

Extracellular fluid accumulation

A

edema

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4
Q

Thiazides, Loop, Potassium-sparing, Carbonic annhydrase inhibitors, and osmotics are all classes of

A

Diuretics

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5
Q

These diuretics work on the DCT of the kidney to manage edema with CHF
Can cause hypokalemia with long term treatment and electrolyte imbalance

Ex: hydrocholothiazide, chlorothiazide, hydroflumethiazide, and bendroflumethiazide

A

Thiazides

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6
Q

These diuretics are the MOST POTENT and increase the renal excretion of H2O, Na, K, Cl, Mg, H, ammonium, and bicarb
Can cause electrolyte imbalance

Ex: furosemide (Lasix)

A

Loop Diuretics

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7
Q

If furosemide is given IV, what is the onset of action with functioning kidneys? Oral?

A

Immediate; 30 minutes

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8
Q

These diuretics are mild act on the DCT to promote Na and water excretion, but retain Potassium
S/E: hyperkalemia

Ex: spironolactone, triamterene, amiloride

A

Potassium-sparing

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9
Q

This enzyme helps maintain pH balance in the body by regulating H and bicarb ions

A

Carbonic annhydrase

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10
Q

These diuretics block the action of carbonic annhydrase in the PCT
Mainly used for decreasing ocular pressure with glaucoma
Can cause acidosis and electrolyte imbalance

Ex: acetazolamide, dichlophenamide

A

CAI’s

carbonic annhydrase inhibitors

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11
Q

These diuretics are quick acting and used for emergencies by increasing the osmolality of the filtrate in the renal tubules
Causes IMMEDIATE diuresis to help prevent renal failure and decrease intraocular pressure

Ex: mannitol, glycerin

A

Osmotics

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12
Q

High blood pressure is AKA

A

Hypertension

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13
Q

What can happen if hypertension is left untreated?

A

Renal and cardiovascular issues

^ BP, ^GFR which = increased kidney workload

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14
Q

Diuretics, ACE inhibitors, Ca-channel blockers, Arteriole vasodilators, Beta Blockers, and Alpha blockers are all examples of

A

Antihypertensives

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15
Q

How do diuretics act as hypertensives?

A

They promote Na and water loss and they decrease fluid volume and pressure within vessels

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16
Q

Block the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II
Prevent vasoconstriction and release of aldosterone

Ex: enalapril, captopril, lisinopril, and benazepril

A

ACE inhibitors

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17
Q

The veterinary approved ACE inhibitor

A

enalapril

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18
Q

The number one hypertensive category

A

ACE Inhibitors

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19
Q

These promote myocardial relaxation and lower BP by blocking calcium in the myocardial cells
Affects the GFR by inhibiting contractility of cardiac and vascular smooth muscle

Ex: diltiazem, verapamil, and nifedipine

A

Ca-Channel Blockers (ccb)

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20
Q

What animals respond best to Ca Channel blockers?

A

Cats

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21
Q

Cause vasodilation to treat acute hypertension

Ex: nitroprusside, hydralazine, minoxidil

A

Direct Acting Arteriole Vasodilators

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22
Q

Minoxidil is AKA

A

Rogaine

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23
Q

Propranalol is a

A

Beta Blocker

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24
Q

Blocks Alpha-1 receptors to cause vasodilation

Ex: Phenoxybenzamine

A

Alpha 1 Blockers

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25
You should monitor 3 things with patients on antihypertensives or diuretics
HR, BP, and urine output
26
AKA stone, calculi | Symptoms include dysuria, hematuria, obstruction
Uroliths
27
_______ affects pH of urine
Diet
28
Most common urolith because they are found in urine naturally
struvite (triple phosphate)
29
Dalmatians and bulldogs are predisposed to what type of uroliths?
Urate
30
An alkaline urolith
Struvite
31
A diet used to treat alkaline uroliths | Is it safe to use as a maitenance diet?
S/D | No
32
Pharmaceuticals used to treat alkaline uroliths
methionine or ammonium chloride
33
The goal of treating alkaline uroliths is _______ pH
lowering
34
3 types of acidic urine crystals
1. calcium oxalate 2. crystine 3. ammonium urate
35
The goal of treating acidic crystals is _________ pH
increasing
36
Type of diet to use to treat acidic uroliths | Is it safe to use as a maitenance diet?
K/D | Yes
37
Pharmaceuticals used to treat acidic uroliths
potassium citrate and sodium bicarb
38
To treat ammonium urate uroliths, an animal should be put on this type of diet to decrease production of uric acid
Low protein, low urea, low oxalate
39
2 Stages of Incontinence
Neurological and Non neurological
40
3 types of drugs used to treat neurological incontinence
1. Cholinergics 2. Anticholinergics 3. Adrenergic antagonists
41
Used to treat animals with spinal cord bladders by promoting voiding of the bladder Stimulates action of acetylchholine by direct stimulation of cholinergic receptors Treats retention issues Ex: benthanechol
Cholinergic
42
Cholinergics cause the bladder to contract and the urethras to
relax
43
Treats incontinence by promoting urine retention in the bladder by blocking the binding of acetylcholine to cause muscle relaxation Ex: proprantheline, dicyclomine, butyl hyoscine
Anticholinergics
44
Used to decrease tone of the internal urtethral sphincters | Treats decreased urinary tone due to overdistension of the bladder
Alpha antagonists
45
Two Alpha Blockers
phenoxybenzamine and prazosine
46
Two things used to treat non neurologic incontinence
Estrogen and Testosterone
47
Estrogen and Testosterone help increase the
tone of the bladder
48
A side effect of estrogen
Bone marrow suppression
49
Non-neurologic incontinence is more common in
spayed females >7 years
50
These work by increasing the tone of the urethra Ex: phenylpropanolamine and ephedrine
Adrenergic agonists
51
Causes hemorrhagic strokes in humans but used in animals to treat stress and hormone incontinence
PPA (phenylpropanolamine)
52
A xanthine oxidase inhibitor
allopurinol
53
Trade name for furosemide
Lasix
54
What drug category does propranolol belong to?
Beta Blockers
55
What category does spironolactone belong to?
Potassium Sparing Diuretic
56
A drug used to promote voiding of urine from the bladder
Bethanecole
57
A drug used to treat urinary incontinence by promoting urine retention
Propantheline
58
Urine acidifying drug that is used to prevent the formation of struvite uroliths
methionine and ammonium chloride
59
A urinary alkalizer used to treat calcium oxalate uroliths
Potassium citrate or Sodium bicarbonate
60
What electrolyte may decrease due to prolonged use of thiazides?
Potassium
61
What is the onset of action for furosemide when given orally?
30 mins
62
What is carbonic annhydrase?
Enzyme that helps balance pH
63
Name 2 carbonic annhydrase inhibitors
1. acetazolamide | 2. dichlorphenamide
64
The drug of choice for treating hypertension
enalapril
65
2 osmotic diuretic used in emergency situations
1. glycerin | 2. mannitol
66
4 Thiazides
1. Hydrochlorthiazide 2. chlorothiazide 3. hydroflumethiazide 4. bendroflumethiazide
67
A loop diuretic
Furosemide
68
3 Potassium sparing diuretics
spirinolactone, amiloride, and triamterene
69
2 Carbonic annhydrase inhibitors
acetazolamide and dichlorphenamide
70
2 osmotic diuretics
mannitol and glycerin
71
4 ACE inhibitors
1. enalapril 2. captopril 3. lisinopril 4. benazepril
72
3 Ca Channel Blockers
1. diltiazem 2. verapamil 3. nifedipine
73
3 Direct Acting Vasodilators
1. hydralazine 2. nitropresside 3. minoxidil
74
Beta blocker
propranalol
75
Alpha blocker
phenoxylbenzamine
76
Alkaline urolith diets
Hill's S/D
77
Alkaline urolith diet (maintenance)
Hills C/D Hills W/D Iams Low pH/S
78
2 pharmaceuticals used to treat alkaline uroliths
1. methionine | 2. ammonium chloride
79
3 diets used to treat acidic uroliths
1. Hills K/D 2. Iams Moderate pH/O 3. Purina NF
80
Urine alkalizer
potassium citrate
81
2 diets used to treat urate uroliths
1. Hills U/D | 2. Purina NF
82
Used to treat urate uroliths
xanthine oxidase inhibitors (allopurinol)
83
3 types of drugs used to treat neurologic incontinence
1. Cholinergics 2. anticholinergics 3. adrenergic agonists
84
A cholinergic used to treat neurological incontinence
bethanechol
85
An anticholinergic used to treat neurological incontinence
propantheline
86
Alpha adrenergic antagonists used to treat neurological incontinence
phenoxybenamine and prazosine
87
Adrenergic agonists used to treat non-neurological incontinence
phenylpropanolamine (PPA) and ephedrine
88
2 hormones used to treat non-neurological incontinence
estrogen and testosterone

Pharm II (8 decks)

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