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Pharm II > Anti-Inflammatory and Pain-Reducers > Flashcards

Anti-Inflammatory and Pain-Reducers Flashcards

1
Q

Natural response of living tissue to injury and infection

A

Inflammation

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2
Q

Induce pain and swelling

A

Kinins

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3
Q

Produce heat, fever, and pain

A

Prostaglandins

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4
Q

Produce redness and swelling

A

Histamine

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5
Q

2 Main groups of anti-inflammatory agents

A

Sterioids and NSAIDS

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6
Q

2 Types of steroidal anti-inflammatories

A
  1. Coricosteroids

2. Mineralocorticoids

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7
Q

Glucocorticoids inhibit the production of this enzyme

A

phospholipase

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8
Q

AKA steroids
Synthetically produced in a lab
Short-acting, intermediate acting, or long acting
Provide analgesia, anti-inflammatory, reduce scarring and tissue damage, and relieve pruritis

A

Glucocorticoids

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9
Q

5 drawbacks to using Glucocorticoids

A
  1. Delay wound healing
  2. Increase risk of infection
  3. GI ulcers and bleeding
  4. Increase risk of corneal ulceration
  5. Increase blood glucose levels
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10
Q

A short action steroid lasts for

A

<12 hrs

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11
Q

An intermediate acting steroid lasts for

A

12-36 hrs

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12
Q

A long-acting steroid lasts for

A

> 48hrs

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13
Q

Glucocorticoids can be combined with

A

antifungals and antibiotics

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14
Q

3 most common S/E of steroid use

A
  1. Polyuria
  2. Polydipsia
  3. polyphagia
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15
Q

If an animal is on a steroid for too long, they can develop

A

iatrogenic Cushing’s dz

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16
Q

Hyperadrenocorticism is AKA

A

Cushing’s Dz

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17
Q

If the steroid dose is not tapered down, the patient could develop

A

iatrogenic Addison’s Dz

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18
Q

Hypoadrenocorticism is AKA

A

Addison’s Dz

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19
Q

C/S of this dz include: PU/PD, pendulous belly, lethargy, bilateral symmetrical alopecia

A

Cushing’s Dz (hyperadrenocorticism)

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20
Q

C/S of this dz include: weakness, lethargy, V+/D+

A

Addison’s Dz (hypoadrenocorticism)

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21
Q

What type of pts should you avoid giving glucocorticoids to because it could induce hyperglycemia?

A

Diabetic

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22
Q

These are blood thinning agents that have less S/E than steroids?

A

NSAIDs

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23
Q

2 forms of cyclooxygenase

A

COX 1 - stomach

COX 2 - inflammation

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24
Q

NSAIDs are AKA

A

prostaglandin inhibitors

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25
Q

How should you treat a cat with Aspirin?

A

Baby aspirin q 72 hr

26
Q

Baby aspirin

A

81 mg/tab

27
Q

Adult aspirin

A

325 mg/tab

28
Q

Buffered aspirin neutralizes

A

stomach acid

29
Q

This type of aspirin is dissolved by the intestines

A

enteric-coated

30
Q

This type of aspirin is found with steroids or other NSAIDs

A

Combination

31
Q

NSAID used in equine medicine that is highly protein-bound

Used for analgesia, anti-pyretic, anti-inflammatory

A

Phenylbutazone

AKA bute

32
Q

This type of NSAID is NOT RECOMMENDED for animals because it is easily toxic
Proprionic acid derivative

A

Ibuprofen

33
Q

A proprionic acid derivative used in birds, cats, and dogs

A

Ketoprofen

34
Q

A proprionic acid derivative used in horses but not recommended for dogs

A

Naproxen

35
Q

A proprionic acid derivative AND COX-2 inhibitor used in dogs and extra-label for food producing animals

A

Carprofen (Rimadyl)

36
Q

A COX-2 inhibitor used for post-op pain management

Absorbs better with food

A

Deracoxib

37
Q

A COX-2 inhibitor used for post-op pain that produces soft stool as a S/E
Cats can only receive this drug once in their life orally

A

Meloxicam

38
Q

A COX-2 inhibitor AKA Equioxx used to control osteoarthritis in dogs and horses

A

Firocoxib

39
Q

This drug is FDA approved for cattle (beef and dairy) and horses and extra-label for other species
Used for musculoskeletal pain, colic, shock IVDD, post op surgery pain

A

Flunixin Meglumine

AKA Banamine

40
Q

A good substitute for Carprofen

A

Etodolac

41
Q

Similar to aspirin used for osteoarthritis in equine medicine
Slow 2-3 day onset
Comes as a granular form mixed in with feed

A

Meclofenamic acid

AKA Arquel

42
Q

This drug blocks COX 1 and COX 2 so it results with less GI upset and ulcers
Tablet QUICKLY dissolves in animal’s mouth

A

Tepoxalin

AKA Zubrin

43
Q

This drug inactivates super radicals produced by inflammation
Has a garlic odor/taste, penetrates tissues well

A

DMSO

Dimethyl Sulfoxide

44
Q

These are naturally made by the body and are the most costly

Polysaccharides in proteoglycans

A

GAGs

45
Q

GAG used to increase motility and flexibility
Normally part of synovial fluid in animals
Cushions the joint as an intra-articular inj in horses and dogs

A

Hyaluronate sodium

AKA Hyalovet

46
Q

Semi-synthetic mix of glycosaminoglycans from bovine cartilage

A

PGAGs

AKA Adequan

47
Q

Considered neutraceuticals if combined

Restores cartilage

A

Glucosamine and Chondroitin sulfate

48
Q

These type of drugs are used for itching, motion sickness, and anaphylactic shock

A

Anti-histamines

49
Q

What do H1s do?

A

Produce symptoms and activate allergic reactions

50
Q

What do H2s do?

A

Activate the acid-producing parietal cells of the stomach lining

51
Q

Main Side effect of Antihistamines

A

drowsiness

52
Q

These drugs adjust the immune response to a desired level

A

Immunomodulators

53
Q

Immunomodulators that increase the immune response

A

Immunopotentiation

54
Q

Immunomodulators that decrease the immune response

A

Immunosuppression

55
Q

do not affect the immune system and cause no response

A

Immunologic tolerance

56
Q

This drug suppresses immune system responses through T-Cell activity
Most effective immunosuppressant
Used for dermatitis in dogs
STEP DOWN DOSING

A

Cyclosporine

57
Q

If an animal is experiencing mild or moderate pain, they should be treated with

A

NSAIDs

58
Q

If an animal is experiencing severe, traumatic pain, they should be treated with

A

a narcotic

59
Q

An analgesic NEVER used in vet medicine

Works by blocking nociceptors, not inflammation

A

Tylenol

Acetaminophen

60
Q

Toxicity antidote for acetaminophen

A

acetylcysteine

Pharm II (8 decks)

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