Chapter 18 - Ophthalmic and Otic Drugs Flashcards by Marli Verbanes

Most ophthalmic topical drugs are _____ and _______ soluble

lipid and water

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These type of topical drugs can blur their vision, longer shelf life, longer corneal contact times
Do not use in pts with penetrating corneal wounds

Ointments

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Easier to administer than ointments

Better drug levels within the system

Drops

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Should be given before ointments

drops

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These type of diagnostic drugs are used to facilitate the eye exam such as measuring eye pressure, eye exams, and remove foreign bodies
-caines group

Topical anesthetics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Onset of action of topical anesthetics, and the duration

1 min onset

10 min duration

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When opening a topical anesthetic, the left over should be

refrigerated

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Topical anesthetics should be thrown out when there is a significant

color change

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Diagnostic drug used to ID corneal ulcers, scratches, and foreign bodies or to test the patency of the nasolacrimal duct

Flourescein sodium

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

After administering fluorescein sodium, you should flush the eye with _________ to avoid false positives

saline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Flourescein sodium should change from orange to ______ when a corneal abrasion is seen

green

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

These are cholinergic drugs that constrict the pupil
Most commonly used in glaucoma patients to promote aqueous humor movement
Can cause local irritation
Ex: Pilocarpine

Miotics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Onset of action of miotics

10-30 minutes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Duration of miotics

4-8 hrs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drugs that dilate the pupils

Mydriatics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Drugs that paralyze the ciliary muscles

Cycloplegics

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Most widely used mydriatic agent because it is also a cycloplegic
Aids in the examination of the retina and treatment of acute inflammatory conditions of the anterior uveal tract

Atropine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Atropine is contraindicated in these 2 types of patients

2. glaucoma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

2 side effects of atropine

dry eye

2. increased intraocular pressure

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

This mydriatic agent has a faster onset of action and shorter duration than atropine

Homatropine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A mydriatic agent only that acts as a sympathomimetic used to evaluate uveitis, glaucoma, scleritis, and Horner’s Syndrome
Used prior to conjuctival surgery to decrease hemorrhage

Phenylephrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Phenylephrine is not recommended in this species because it doesn’t work alone

cats

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

S/e of this drug include: tearing, corneal clouding, and discomfort

phenylephrine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A mydriatic that is an acetylcholine blocker
Used for ocular examinations
Can cause hypersalivation in cats
Doesn’t affect intraocular pressure

Ex: Opticyl, Mydriacyle

Tropicamide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A mydriatic agent that acts as a sympathomimetic Used to aid in diagnosing Horner's Syndrome Prevents glaucoma and Horner's syndrome from spreading to the other eye Ex: Epinephrine HCl sol'n, Epifrin

Epinephrine

A miotic that is not commonly used since the development of prostaglandins

Pilocarpine

These reduce intraocular pressure by increasing outflow of aqueous humor Ex: Latanaprost, bimataprost, travoprost

Prostaglandins

Diuretics used to decrease the amount of intraocular humor production Ex: Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide, Methazolamide, (ALL systemics) Brinzolamide HCl, Dorzolamide HCl (topical)

Carbonic Annhydrase Inhibitors

Used to decrease production of humor in the eye Can cause decrease HR, BP, bronchospasms, and blurs vision Important to monitor patients Do not use in cardio and resp. pts Ex: Timolol Betaxolol hydrochloride

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers

Sympathomimetics used to decrease aqueous secretion to decrease intraocular pressure Typically combined with other drugs Topical Ex: Apraclonidine, Brimonidine

Alpha-adrenergic agonists

These type of diuretics are used to treat acute glaucoma Shouldn't be used in cardio pts and cause electrolyte imbalances Ex: Mannitol and Glycerin

Osmotics

These are isotonic solutions or buffered solutions | Used to lubricate dry eyes and alleviate eye irritation from KCS

Artificial tears

You should not use these if there are corneal ulcers | ABX combos with hydrocortisone or dexmethasone

ABX and glucocorticoid combos

Used to interfere with interleukins of the immune system

Cyclosporine

Used for superficial eye infections Ex: Bactracin, Polymyxin B, Oxytetracycline, Erythromycin, Aminoglycosides, Chloramphenicol, Fluoroquinolones, Sulfonamides

Antibacterials

Used to treat mycotic Keratitis, mycotic endoopththalmitis, Blepharodermatomycosis "looks worse before its better" Ex: miconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole

Antifungals

Used to treat feline ocular herpes Ex: trifluridine ophthalmic solution, idoxuridine, vidarabine, acyclovir

Antivirals

3 types of otitis

1. Externae 2. Media 3. Interna

When should cleansers be used?

Prior to medication

When an animal has a ruptured ear drum, what should you use to clean it?

Saline

Helps to remove wax, debris, and exudates from the canal prior to medicating?

Cleansers

A combination drug that is broad spectrum Treats acute/chronic otitis Ex: Otomax, Gentocin Otic, Tri-Otic, GentaVed Otic

Gentamicin sulfate

Otomax contains

Gentamicin, Betamethasone, and Clotrimazole

A combination drug used to treat otitis externa and certain bacterial, fungal, and inflammatory skin disorders Ex: Tresaderm and Panalog

Neomycin sulfate

2 aminoglycosides used for otitis

gentamicin and neomycin

A combination drug used with a steroid, antifungal, and/or antiparasitic agent Treats gram positive antibiotic Used for ear mites Ex: Tresaderm, Panalog

Thiostreptin

Used for otic pathogens in a combo therapy (with steroids and anesthetic agents) Not allowed in food producing animals Ex: Liquichlor, Chlora-otic

Chloramphenicol

Potent Tx of otitis externa that can be combined with miconazole ex: Enrofloxacin (Baytril Otic)

Fluoroquinolones

Panalog is AKA

Animax

Ingredients in Panalog

nystatin, neomycin, thiostreptin, and triamcinolone

Ingredients in Tresaderm

Thiabendazole, dexamethasone, and neomycin

Ingredients in Otomax

Betamethasone, Gentamicin, and clotrimazole

A topical antiparasitic otic drug that comes in a foil pack, 2 tubes per pack, 1 tube for ear used for one treatment

Milbemycin

A topical antiparasitic used for cats/rabbits/dogs as a 3 wk Tx

Thiabendazole (Tresaderm)

A topical antiparasitic used as an SQ injectable

Ivermectin

A topical antiparasitic used 1x/mth in cats

Selemectin (Revolution)

These get rid of excess moisture in the ear Ex: salicylic acid, acetic acid, boric acid, and tannic acid

Drying agents

Used for daily/routine cleaning Ex: Epi-Optic, Oti-Clens

Cleansing agents

Flushing an ear canal means you have to

fill the ear canal with cleaning soultion

Many cleansers contain cerumen softeners and/or benzyl alcohol Ex: Cerulytic, Cerumene

Dewaxing agents

Flucinolone is often given with this drug to improve tissue pentration as an anti-inflammatory

DMSO