Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Pharm II > Chapter 18 - Ophthalmic and Otic Drugs > Flashcards

Chapter 18 - Ophthalmic and Otic Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Most ophthalmic topical drugs are _____ and _______ soluble

A

lipid and water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

These type of topical drugs can blur their vision, longer shelf life, longer corneal contact times
Do not use in pts with penetrating corneal wounds

A

Ointments

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Easier to administer than ointments

Better drug levels within the system

A

Drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Should be given before ointments

A

drops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

These type of diagnostic drugs are used to facilitate the eye exam such as measuring eye pressure, eye exams, and remove foreign bodies
-caines group

A

Topical anesthetics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Onset of action of topical anesthetics, and the duration

A

1 min onset

10 min duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

When opening a topical anesthetic, the left over should be

A

refrigerated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Topical anesthetics should be thrown out when there is a significant

A

color change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Diagnostic drug used to ID corneal ulcers, scratches, and foreign bodies or to test the patency of the nasolacrimal duct

A

Flourescein sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

After administering fluorescein sodium, you should flush the eye with _________ to avoid false positives

A

saline

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Flourescein sodium should change from orange to ______ when a corneal abrasion is seen

A

green

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

These are cholinergic drugs that constrict the pupil
Most commonly used in glaucoma patients to promote aqueous humor movement
Can cause local irritation
Ex: Pilocarpine

A

Miotics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Onset of action of miotics

A

10-30 minutes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Duration of miotics

A

4-8 hrs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Drugs that dilate the pupils

A

Mydriatics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Drugs that paralyze the ciliary muscles

A

Cycloplegics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Most widely used mydriatic agent because it is also a cycloplegic
Aids in the examination of the retina and treatment of acute inflammatory conditions of the anterior uveal tract

A

Atropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Atropine is contraindicated in these 2 types of patients

A
  1. KCS

2. glaucoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

2 side effects of atropine

A
  1. dry eye

2. increased intraocular pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This mydriatic agent has a faster onset of action and shorter duration than atropine

A

Homatropine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

A mydriatic agent only that acts as a sympathomimetic used to evaluate uveitis, glaucoma, scleritis, and Horner’s Syndrome
Used prior to conjuctival surgery to decrease hemorrhage

A

Phenylephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Phenylephrine is not recommended in this species because it doesn’t work alone

A

cats

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

S/e of this drug include: tearing, corneal clouding, and discomfort

A

phenylephrine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

A mydriatic that is an acetylcholine blocker
Used for ocular examinations
Can cause hypersalivation in cats
Doesn’t affect intraocular pressure

Ex: Opticyl, Mydriacyle

A

Tropicamide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

A mydriatic agent that acts as a sympathomimetic
Used to aid in diagnosing Horner’s Syndrome
Prevents glaucoma and Horner’s syndrome from spreading to the other eye

Ex: Epinephrine HCl sol’n, Epifrin

A

Epinephrine

26
Q

A miotic that is not commonly used since the development of prostaglandins

A

Pilocarpine

27
Q

These reduce intraocular pressure by increasing outflow of aqueous humor

Ex: Latanaprost, bimataprost, travoprost

A

Prostaglandins

28
Q

Diuretics used to decrease the amount of intraocular humor production

Ex: Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide, Methazolamide, (ALL systemics)
Brinzolamide HCl, Dorzolamide HCl (topical)

A

Carbonic Annhydrase Inhibitors

29
Q

Used to decrease production of humor in the eye
Can cause decrease HR, BP, bronchospasms, and blurs vision
Important to monitor patients
Do not use in cardio and resp. pts

Ex: Timolol
Betaxolol hydrochloride

A

Beta-Adrenergic Blockers

30
Q

Sympathomimetics used to decrease aqueous secretion to decrease intraocular pressure
Typically combined with other drugs
Topical
Ex: Apraclonidine, Brimonidine

A

Alpha-adrenergic agonists

31
Q

These type of diuretics are used to treat acute glaucoma
Shouldn’t be used in cardio pts and cause electrolyte imbalances

Ex: Mannitol and Glycerin

A

Osmotics

32
Q

These are isotonic solutions or buffered solutions

Used to lubricate dry eyes and alleviate eye irritation from KCS

A

Artificial tears

33
Q

You should not use these if there are corneal ulcers

ABX combos with hydrocortisone or dexmethasone

A

ABX and glucocorticoid combos

34
Q

Used to interfere with interleukins of the immune system

A

Cyclosporine

35
Q

Used for superficial eye infections

Ex: Bactracin, Polymyxin B, Oxytetracycline, Erythromycin, Aminoglycosides, Chloramphenicol, Fluoroquinolones, Sulfonamides

A

Antibacterials

36
Q

Used to treat mycotic Keratitis, mycotic endoopththalmitis, Blepharodermatomycosis
“looks worse before its better”

Ex: miconazole, clotrimazole, ketoconazole

A

Antifungals

37
Q

Used to treat feline ocular herpes

Ex: trifluridine ophthalmic solution, idoxuridine, vidarabine, acyclovir

A

Antivirals

38
Q

3 types of otitis

A
  1. Externae
  2. Media
  3. Interna
39
Q

When should cleansers be used?

A

Prior to medication

40
Q

When an animal has a ruptured ear drum, what should you use to clean it?

A

Saline

41
Q

Helps to remove wax, debris, and exudates from the canal prior to medicating?

A

Cleansers

42
Q

A combination drug that is broad spectrum
Treats acute/chronic otitis

Ex: Otomax, Gentocin Otic, Tri-Otic, GentaVed Otic

A

Gentamicin sulfate

43
Q

Otomax contains

A

Gentamicin, Betamethasone, and Clotrimazole

44
Q

A combination drug used to treat otitis externa and certain bacterial, fungal, and inflammatory skin disorders

Ex: Tresaderm and Panalog

A

Neomycin sulfate

45
Q

2 aminoglycosides used for otitis

A

gentamicin and neomycin

46
Q

A combination drug used with a steroid, antifungal, and/or antiparasitic agent
Treats gram positive antibiotic
Used for ear mites

Ex: Tresaderm, Panalog

A

Thiostreptin

47
Q

Used for otic pathogens in a combo therapy (with steroids and anesthetic agents)
Not allowed in food producing animals

Ex: Liquichlor, Chlora-otic

A

Chloramphenicol

48
Q

Potent Tx of otitis externa that can be combined with miconazole

ex: Enrofloxacin (Baytril Otic)

A

Fluoroquinolones

49
Q

Panalog is AKA

A

Animax

50
Q

Ingredients in Panalog

A

nystatin, neomycin, thiostreptin, and triamcinolone

51
Q

Ingredients in Tresaderm

A

Thiabendazole, dexamethasone, and neomycin

52
Q

Ingredients in Otomax

A

Betamethasone, Gentamicin, and clotrimazole

53
Q

A topical antiparasitic otic drug that comes in a foil pack, 2 tubes per pack, 1 tube for ear used for one treatment

A

Milbemycin

54
Q

A topical antiparasitic used for cats/rabbits/dogs as a 3 wk Tx

A

Thiabendazole (Tresaderm)

55
Q

A topical antiparasitic used as an SQ injectable

A

Ivermectin

56
Q

A topical antiparasitic used 1x/mth in cats

A

Selemectin (Revolution)

57
Q

These get rid of excess moisture in the ear

Ex: salicylic acid, acetic acid, boric acid, and tannic acid

A

Drying agents

58
Q

Used for daily/routine cleaning

Ex: Epi-Optic, Oti-Clens

A

Cleansing agents

59
Q

Flushing an ear canal means you have to

A

fill the ear canal with cleaning soultion

60
Q

Many cleansers contain cerumen softeners and/or benzyl alcohol

Ex: Cerulytic, Cerumene

A

Dewaxing agents

61
Q

Flucinolone is often given with this drug to improve tissue pentration as an anti-inflammatory

A

DMSO

Pharm II (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions