Urinary System Development Flashcards
The proximal male urethra is formed from what?
The urogenital sinus (endoderm)
The distal male urethra is derived from what?
Ectodermal cord (ectoderm)
What is the female urethra derived from?
Urogenital sinus
What embryological layer gives rise to the urogenital ridge?
Intermediate mesoderm
The urogenital ridge develops into what?
Nephrogenic ridge (gives rise to urinary system) and gonadal ridge (gives rise to genital system)
The mesonephric duct gives rise to what in only the male?
Ductus deferens
What is the ductus deferens derived from?
Mesonephric duct
The mesonephric duct gives rise to what in both the male and female?
Ureteric bud
What does the ureteric bud grow into? What does this cause?
Grows into the intermediate mesoderm, initiating formation of the metanephros
What is derived from the ureteric bud?
Ureter, renal pelvis, renal calyces, and collecting duct (tubules)
The nephron arises from what?
Intermediate mesoderm
Renal agenesis with an absent ureter results from what?
Failure of ureteric bud and metanephric mesoderm to interact
Male neonate is delivered and only a single umbilical artery is seen, what is suspected?
Renal agenesis
The urorectal septum is derived from what embryological layer?
Mesoderm
What does the urorectal septum divide?
The cloaca (endoderm) into the rectum and urogenital sinus
What part of the urogenital sinus forms the bladder?
Vesicle part
The urogenital sinus is continuous with what?
The allantois
What does the allantois form?
Urachus, that later becomes the median umbilical ligament
The medial umbilical ligament is a remnant from what embryonic structure?
Urachus
The pelvic (middle) part of the urogenital sinus gives rise to what?
Bladder neck and prostatic urethra in the male, and the entire urethra in the female
The trigone of the bladder is formed by tissue from what?
The mesonephric duct
Epithelium o the entire bladder is derived from what?
Endoderm of the urogenital sinus
Connective tissue and smooth muscle of the urinary bladder is derived from what?
Splanchnic (visceral) mesenchyme (mesoderm)
Connective tissue and smooth muscle from the urethra is derived from what?
Splanchnic (visceral) mesenchyme (mesoderm)
Exstrophy of the bladder is attributed to what?
Lack of anterior wall mesoderm; due to failure of mesenchymal cells to migrate between the ectoderm of the abdomen and cloaca during the 4th week
Megacystis or megalocystis may result from the presence of what?
Posterior urethral valves (block the outflow of urine from the urinary bladder in the male only)
The adrenal cortex develops from what?
Cranial part of urogenital ridge (intermediate mesoderm)
What gives rise to the adrenal medulla?
Neural crest cells derived from neuroectoderm migrate and give rise to the adrenal medulla
What cells are found in the adrenal medulla?
Chromaffin cells
Chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla are innervated by what?
Preganglionic nerve fibers
Adrenogenital syndrome usually results from mutations in what gene?
P450c21 - steroid 21-hydroxylase gene (CYP21A2)
Adrenogenital syndrome is a group of disorders that manifest in various clinical forms and result in virilization of female babies. It follows what type of inheritance pattern?
Autosomal recessive
