urinary system

Question 1

what the most common cause of lower urinary tract disease in cats

Answer 1

idiopathic cystitis

Question 2

what is the most common cause of lower urinary tract disease in dogs

Answer 2

bacterial

Question 3

Are males or females more prone to urethral obstruction

Answer 3

males as it is narrower and longer

Question 4

what USG indicates concentrated urine in cats and dogs

Answer 4

dog - more than 1.030

cat - more than 1.035

Question 5

what do casts in urine indicate

Answer 5

protein loss or tubular damage

Question 6

what are first line antibiotics for non complicated UTI

Answer 6

amoxicillin or trimethoprim

Question 7

what antibiotics would penetrate the prostate

Answer 7

fluoroquinalones. doxycycline

Question 8

what should you do with male dogs when treating complicated UTIs

Answer 8

neuter them

Question 9

how long should you treat complicated UTI for

Answer 9

4-6 weeks

Question 10

most common cause of bacterial infection

Answer 10

e. coli

Question 11

differential for neoplasia of the bladder

Answer 11

polypoid cystitis

Question 12

what are the risk factors for feline idiopathic cystitis

Answer 12

middle aged overweight from multi cat households

Question 13

2 forms of feline cystitis

Answer 13

obstructive and non-obstructive

Question 14

which form of cystitis do female cats get

Answer 14

non-obstrutive

Question 15

how do you manage non-obstructive cystitis

Answer 15

medical management

Question 16

how do you manage obstructive cystitis and what must you address first

Answer 16

alleviate obstruction asap by catheterisation

hyperkalaemia

Question 17

what is hydronephrosis

Answer 17

pelvic dilation caused by urine accumulation

Question 18

what is ectopic ureter

Answer 18

when the ureter empties outside the bladder

Question 19

where does the ureter usually empty

Answer 19

bladder trigone

Question 20

intra vs extra ectopic ureter

Answer 20

intra - it follows normal course but empties in the wall of the urethra
extra - doesn’t follow normal courseand opens into the urethra or ureters