clinical reasoning

Question 1

what is the basis of reliable knowledge and understanding of normal structure and function

Answer 1

observation and experiment based on scientific reasoning

Question 2

what is meant by clinical reasoning towards a diagnosis

Answer 2

selecting a route to travel wich maximises the chances of a correct diagnosis

Question 3

what would initial information gathering involve

Answer 3

presenting complaint
signalment
history
physical examination

Question 4

what does investigative testing involve

Answer 4

selection - what tests you want to do
performance - how you go about doing the tests
interpretation -

Question 5

what is scientific reasoning otherwise known as

Answer 5

backward hypothetico-deductive reasoning

Question 6

what is meant by non-analyitcal reasoning

Answer 6

pattern recognition type 1 reasoning

Question 7

what is analytical reasoning

Answer 7

type 2 reasoning

• clinical forward reasoning saying given such evidence most likely explanation
• scientific backward reasoning - start with hypothetical answer and work backwards

Question 8

what is deductive reasoning

Answer 8

applies general rules to make conclusions about scientific findings

Question 9

what is inductive reasoning

Answer 9

using specific findings to infer conculations avout general rules
make generalisations by observing patterns and drawing inferences e.g. ellie is a vet, all vets are smart therefore ellie is probably smart

Question 10

how are deductive arguments evaluated

Answer 10

based on the validity of reasoning and the soundness of their conclusions
valid if the conclusion must be true if the premises are true
- premise is true but reasoning is invalid
sound if the reasoning is valid and premises are true i.e
- christmas is 23rd february - which is today therefore today is christmas - premise is false therefore is unsound

Question 11

how are inductive arguments evaluated

Answer 11

based on reasoning and cogent/uncogent conclusions
reasoning - if the conclusion is likely to be true if premise is correct
e.g. saying all instead of most in the premise
- cogent if has strong reasoning and true premise but not if one premise is false

Question 12

3 types of bias

Answer 12

availability heuristic - deoend on information that is readily available
confirmation bias - based on tendancy to confirm rather than deny current hypothesis
predictable-word bias indication to percieve order