Urinary System Flashcards
Functions of urinary system
Filters toxins from blood
Regulate fluid and ph
Remove waste product
Electrolyte balance
Kidneys
Produce urine (filter blood and remove waste product)
Acid base balance
RBC production triggered
H20 and electrolyte balance
Ureters
Carry urine from kidneys to bladder
Bladder
Stores urine
Urethra
Excretes urine to void
Blood pressure to function of kidneys
Affect blood pressure by increasing blood volume
Constricting blood vessels
More water and volume equals higher BP
Kidneys secrete renin which signals body to increase BP
Renin
Causes adrenal glands to release testosterone
Then the body retains sodium and water
Nephron
Functional unit of kidney
1 million per kidney
Blood flows to nephron through arterioles
Filters blood- some goes through some doesn’t
May be absorbed by body or excreted through urine flow
3 ways to catch urine
Free catch
Cystocentesis
Catheterization
When is urine sterile
When kidneys produce it
Bacteria in bladder is abnormal
Bacteria on vulva and penis contaminated urine
Free catch and catheterizarikn not always sterile
Female urinary connected to reproductive
Urethra opens into vagina via urethral orifice
Urine passes into vagina and out vulva
Male urinary connection to reproductive
Vad deferens carries sperm and from testicles and other secretions from prostate
Opens to urethra
Male urethra carries urine and sperm
Sperm commonly found in in tact male urinalysis
Urinalysis
In house and off site Culture bacteria See what antibiotics work Only on sterile samples Negative seen in 2 days and positive in 7
Different components of urine
Visual-gross examination and recording- colour, clarity, smell, debris, overall appearance
Specific gravity- concentration of urine- refractometer
Chemistry- uses chemistry strips (records glucose/protein/ph)
Sediment - urine centrifuged and examined under microscope for cells, debris and crystals
Pu
Excessive urine
Remove excess fluid from body
