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Block 3 VMT > Nervous System > Flashcards

Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Function of the Nervous System

A 
Monitors and coordinates internal organ function 
Responds to changes in external environment 
Picks up signals in the environment, relays message to brain, runs internal organs and sends signals throughout the body 
Decision making (brain)
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2
Q

Two parts of the Nervous System

A

Central Nervous System (CNS)

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)

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3
Q

CNS

A

Central nervous system
Sends/receives messages to/from PNS
Regulates functions of the nervous system.

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4
Q

PNS

A 
Peripheral Nervous System 
Rest of nervous system excluding spinal cord 
Connects CNS to outside environment 
Sensory organs 
Brings messages to and from CNS
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5
Q

3 parts of diencephalon

A

1) hypothalamus
2) thalamus
3) pituitary gland

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6
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Autonomic processes - thermo regulation, metabolism
Endocrine system (controls pituitary gland)
Sleep and appetite

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7
Q

Cerebral hemispheres

A

Cerebrum
Main part of the brain in vertebrates
Front and top of brain
Learning, memory, sensation, behaviour, voluntary movement

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8
Q

Problems with cerebrum

A 
Behaviour changes 
Depressed/lethargy 
Memory loss 
Aphasia- can't understand/express speech 
Anosmia: decrease and loss of smell 
Cognitive dysfunction 
Paralysis
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9
Q

Main parts of brain

A

Cerebrum
Cerebellum
Diencephalon
Brain stem

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10
Q

Thalamus

A

Relay station for sensory info except smell

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11
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Master gland of endocrine system
Controls other endocrine organs
Sends hormones to other organs to regulation production of other hormones (reproduction metabolism growth)
Hunger, thirst, anger, fright , temperature

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12
Q

Brain stem

A 
Connects cerebrum to spinal cord 
HR  
Breathing 
BP
Sleeping 
Vital functions 
Cranial nerves originate here
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13
Q

Anatomy of spinal cord and vertebral column

A

Spinal cord in vertebral column for good protection
Bone on top and vertebral body beneath
Nerves leave vertebrae at various levels to control nerves and receive sensations at various sections of the body

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14
Q

Intervertebral discs

A

Shock absorber between the vertebrae
Protect nerves in that area
Made of fibrocartilage (protective covering)

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15
Q

Gel inside inter vertebral column

A

With impact: gel moves and redistributes to smooth out the force and protect the sensitive structures (nerves)

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16
Q

Problems with gel inside inter vertebral column

A

1) gel can burst and herniate throughout vertebral column and press on nerves (pinched nerves)
This causes severe pain and reduces function of nerve gel is pressing on
Can occur with injury and breed disposition

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17
Q

How nerves leave spinal cord between vertebral bodies

A

Leave spinal cord in groups

Exit in holes in vertebrae (intervertebral foramen)

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18
Q

Types of nerves leaving intervertebral foremen

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar/Sacral

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19
Q

Cervical nerve

A

8 paired cervical nerves

Neck and upper trunk

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20
Q

Thoracic nerves

A

12 paired thoracic nerves
Thorax
Cranial abdomen

21
Q

Lumbar nerves

A

5 paired lumbar nerves
Legs and caudal abdomen
Reproductive organs

22
Q

Sacral nerves

A

5 sacral paired nerves

Paired with lumbar

23
Q

Coccygeal nerve

A

1

Tail

24
Q

What vertebrae does the spinal cord end at

A

L7 vertebrae

25
Q

How many cranial nerves

Which ones do you need to know

A 
12 
CN1 
CN2
CN3 
CN5 
CN6 
CN10
26
Q

CN1

A

Olfactory

Smell

27
Q

CN2

A

Optic

Vision

28
Q

CN3

A

Oculomotor

Eye movements

29
Q

CN5

A

Trigeminal
Sensations of head and face
Largest nerve

30
Q

CN6

A

Auditory
Acoustic
Hearing

31
Q

CN10

A

Vagus
Sensations and movements of organs
Pharynx, larynx, trachea

32
Q

Motor

A

Nerve that r exults in muscular contraction and movement

33
Q

Sensory

A

Nerve that conveys sensations and inputs

Nerves can be motor sensory or mixed

34
Q

2 divisions of pns

A

Autonomic and somatic nervous system

35
Q

Autonomic nervous system

A

Autonomic
Heart rate
Digestive
Respiratory

36
Q

Autonomic divided into 2 sections

A

Sympathetic nervous system

Parasympathetic nervous system

37
Q

Sympathetic

A 
Stress 
Suppresses normal body functions (parasympathetic) 
Increases BP 
Dilates pupils 
Increases oxygen 
Releases adrenaline
38
Q

Parasympathetic

A

Normal physiological bodily functions
Digestion
Rest and repair
Normal body functions

39
Q

Somatic nervous system

A

Controls skeletal muscles

Mainly under conscious control

40
Q

Cerebral fluid

A

Clear fluid
Circulates in spaces in brain and spinal cord
Protection and lubrication
Maintains pressure
Transports waste products from brain to circulatory via many areas including where nerves leave (inter vertebral foramen)

41
Q

Spinal tap

A

Lumbar puncture
Take small sample of cerebral fluid with needle for examination
Try to find neurological problems (inflammation, infection, bleeding)
Culture visual cytology
Base of skull or lumbar

42
Q

Neuron

A

Specialized cell of nervous system
Transmits signals and info to the rest of the body
Relay sensory info
Muscular movement

43
Q

Reflex

A

Involuntary movement in response to stimuli
Done without conscious thought
Protective response
Sneezing to get rid of debris
Removing hand from stove before it gets too hot

44
Q

How does a reflex happen

A

Nerves carry signal to spinal
Spinal responds
Signal sent to brain after and brain makes decision

45
Q

Radial nerve

A

Front leg

46
Q

Sciatic nerve

A

Back leg

47
Q

Brachial plexus

A

Supply front leg nerve supply

Multiple nerves can be affected

48
Q

Lumbosacral plexus

A

Supply hind legs after exit spinal cord

49
Q

Cauda equina

A

Bundle of spinal nerves that extend beyond spinal
Lumbar sacral and coccygeal nerves
Hind limbs bowel bladder

Block 3 VMT (5 decks)

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