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Block 3 VMT > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

Ova

A

Egg produced by ovary
Develop in follicle
Transported by oviducts(conception takes place here) to uterus (2 days)
Egg matures as it moves to uterus
Uterus site of implantation and where egg matures

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2
Q

Ovary

A

Beginning of tract
Produces estrogen and progesterone
Regulates heat cycles and queening/whelping/pregnancy
Egg released into infundibulum then transferred to oviduct

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3
Q

Oviduct

A

Fallopian tube
Tube that carries egg to uterus
Or sperm to egg for fertilization

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4
Q

Uterine horns

A 
First section of uterus 
Where fetus(s) develop
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5
Q

Uterine body

A

Where horns meet

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6
Q

Cervix

A

Neck of uterus
Protects uterus/fetus against infection (tight sphincter)
Helps move sperm to uterus
Lubricates vagina
Opens up to allow menstruation (shedding uterine lining or whelping/queening (cervix dilates)

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7
Q

Where does the urethra open into

A

Into the vagina

Urinary and reproductive empty through vulva

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8
Q

Vagina

A

Passageway for fetus during queening/whelping
Sperm deposited into vagina during breeding (then moves up tract)
Protects opening of urethra

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9
Q

Vulva

A

Protects opening of vagina

Allows for sex identification

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10
Q

Urethral orifice

A

Where urine exits urethra (opens into vagina)

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11
Q

Bladder

A

Stores urine

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12
Q

Dog heat cycle

A

1-3 times per year

Period of bleeding at beginning of estrus

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13
Q

Cat heat cycle

A

Slight discharge, no bleeding
Behavioural changes
Seasonally polyestrous and induced ovulated

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14
Q 
Dog heat estrous 
What size do they need to be 
When is their first one 
When to stop breeding 
How often
A

Need to be 60-70% of adult size
First one at 6-12 months
7-8 years for bitch
Every 5-9 months

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15
Q

How do FSH and LH change canine estrous cycle

A

Trigger an increase in the production of estrogen (female)

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16
Q

Where is FSH released and called

What does it do

A

Released by pituitary gland
Follicle stimulating hormone
Stimulates growth of eggs in ovaries (follicles)

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17
Q

Where is LH released
What is it called
What does it do

A

Pituitary gland
Luteinizing hormone
Triggers ovulation
And the release of eggs from follicles

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18
Q

What happens once egg released from ovaries

A

Empty follicle develops into corpus luteum

19
Q

What does the corpus luteum do

A

Secretes progesterone

20
Q

What does progesterone do

A

Prepares uterus for fertilized egg implant

21
Q

Proestrous dogs

A

9 days
Bloody discharge from vulva starts/vulva swells
Send signals to males
FSH released to stimulate growth of eggs in ovaries (follicles

22
Q

Estrus

A

9 days
Heat
Willing to breed/ends when females stop breeding
Discharge
Multiple breeding allowed to increase chance of pregnancy (every other day)
LH released to trigger ovulation / release of eggs
Ovulation occurs
Estrogen decreases progesterone increases

23
Q

Diestrus

A

60 days
If pregnant, stops with whelping
If not, anestrus begins after CL dissolves
Female doesn’t allow breeding
Discharge dries up, vulva shrinks, behaviour goes back to normal

24
Q

Anestrus

A

130-150 days
Sexual rest
Stops when proestrus or new heat cycle starts (increase in estrogen)

25
Q

Bitch breeding

A

Send to male when proestrus seen
Introduce/watch to see if receptive (separate 48 hours if not)
If OK, watch (minimal distractions)
Inexperience ones may need comfort/petting
Male shows interest, female place tail to side/show vulva
Male mounts/starts thrusting
Tie holds penis in place, semen flows
Lasts 2-3 min up to 10-30
Call vet if up to an hour
Leave alone, separate on their own
May bite , growl, wine (pain)

26
Q

Queen anestrus

A

Less than 8 hours per day

No sexual activity

27
Q

Proestrus queen

A 
1-2 days 
Light increases, FSH released 
Follicles grow, releasing estrogen 
Heat behaviour started (overly friendly) 
Attractive to males
28
Q

Estrus Queen

A 
4-10 days 
Male accepted as heat progresses 
Copulation occurs 
Penetration of vulva by barbed pens stimulates LG 
Ovulation occurs 
Affectionate, rolls on floor, vocalizes
29
Q

No ovulation queen

A

After estrus
Goes into inestrus (8-10days) - inactivity
Proestrus occurs

30
Q

Ovulation but no pregnancy queen

A

Goes into diestrus
May have false pregnancy
Goes back to proestrus

31
Q

Ovulation and pregnancy occurs

Queen

A

After estrus
Queen gives birth
Returns to proestrus

32
Q

3 things queen can go into after estrus

What happens after any of these 3 things

A

No ovulation
Ovulation with no pregnancy
Ovulation and pregnancy

33
Q

Induced ovulators

A

Require mating and stimulation to release LH and egg

34
Q

Polyestrous

A

Go into heat several times a year

35
Q

Seasonal effect

A

When daylight hours are more than 12

36
Q 
What size do cats need to be to breed 
What age to start 
When do long haired cats go into heat 
When is mating season 
When is the earliest and safest time to breed 
How many times a day 
When does ovulation occur 
How many eggs released
A 
75-80% of body weight 
6 months 
18 months 
March until September 
After second heat
3 breedings a day 
24-30 hours after mating 
Around 4 eggs released
37
Q

Fertilization

A

Occurs in Fallopian tubes that lead from ovaries to uterus
Embryos implant in wall of uterus 14 days after mating
Only 1 sperm can fertilize each egg
Usually female has mated with multiple toms

38
Q

Superfundicity

A

Liter having multiple fathers

39
Q

Gestation period for dogs and cats

A

63 days

From fertilization to whelping and queening

40
Q

Parturition in dogs and cats

A

Whelping and queening
Progesterone decreases
Signal to begin (and release oxytocin for uterine contractions)

41
Q

Placenta

A 
Provides nourishment during pregnancy 
If placenta breaks early (green discharge), pup and kitten can suffocate if not born right away 
# of placentas should = # of kittens
42
Q

What is special about dog and cat placentas

A

Zonary placenta

Bands around the uterus

43
Q

Following parturition

A

Pregnancy
Oxytocin from pituitary gland causes uterine contractions and milk release
Can be given as injection if needed
Certain dystocias - difficult birth

Block 3 VMT (5 decks)

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