urinary system

Question 1

what do kidneys filter

Answer 1

blood

Question 2

what are ureters

Answer 2

tubes through which urine flows from kidneys to bladder

Question 3

function of bladder

Answer 3

stores urine

Question 4

function or urethra

Answer 4

transports urine from bladder to outside of body

Question 5

name the two sphincters in urinary tract

Answer 5

internal, external

Question 6

location of kidneys

Answer 6

pehind peritoneum on posterior abdominal wall on either side of vertebral column

Question 7

what partialy protects kidneys

Answer 7

vertebrae and rib cage

Question 8

what the renal capsule

Answer 8

surrounds each kidney, like skin

Question 9

whats perirenal fat

Answer 9

engulfs renal capsule and acts as cushining

Question 10

what is renal fascia

Answer 10

anchors kidneys to abdominal wall

Question 11

what is the hilum

Answer 11

renal artery and nerves enter and renal vein and ureter exit kidneys

Question 12

where is the cortex on the kidneys

Answer 12

outer area, includes renal columns

Question 13

where is the medulla

Answer 13

inner area, includes renal pyramids

Question 14

what are calyces

Answer 14

converge to form pelvis

Question 15

what is the nephron

Answer 15

functional unit of kidney

Question 16

urinary system functions

Answer 16

filtering blood, regulation of water, concentration of blood solutes, ph of blood, vitamin B

Question 17

what is filtrate

Answer 17

plasma (water, nutrients, ions, nitrogenous waste)

Question 18

describe reabsorbtion in the proximal tubule

Answer 18

in proximal convoluted tubules:

• Na and other ions, glucose, amino acids are reabsorbed into blood
• water follows passively by osmosis

Question 19

what happens in descending loop of henle

Answer 19

-surrounding medulla high solute concentration
water exits passivly, solutes enters
(water follows the salt)

Question 20

What happens in ascending look of henle

Answer 20

• na, cl, k transported out of filtrate

- water does not pass through

Question 21

what happens in sistal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts

Answer 21

tubular excretions actively transport creatine, drugs, uric acid, h- into tubule

Question 22

what is urine composed of

Answer 22

-h2o, salts, urea, uric acid, ammonium, creatinine

Question 23

what is water balance of body maintained by

Answer 23

h2o reabsorbtion from nephron to blood

Question 24

What does adh do

Answer 24

when hypothalamus is signaled by pituitary gland, adh is released, which increases permeability of collecting ducts

Question 25

when id adh released

Answer 25

if blood presure/ volume is low (not enough water)

Question 26

what happens to urine when adh is produces

Answer 26

becomes more concentrated

Question 27

what happens when adh is not present

Answer 27

dilute urine is concentrated

Question 28

what does alcohol do

Answer 28

slows production and release of adh = more urine produced

diuretic

Question 29

what does caffeine do

Answer 29

stimulant drug
increases glomerular filtration/decreases na reabsorbtion = more urine
diuretic

Question 30

what is endocrine

Answer 30

precurser to vitamine D

Question 31

secretion of what stimulates rbc production

Answer 31

erythropoietin

Question 32

what is vitamine d a precursor to

Answer 32

calcitriol

Question 33

what does calcitriol do

Answer 33

increases absorbtion of calcium

Question 34

what are the effects of aging

Answer 34

decrease in size of kidneys, drcrease of blood flow, number of working glomeruli do,