urinary system Flashcards
what do kidneys filter
blood
what are ureters
tubes through which urine flows from kidneys to bladder
function of bladder
stores urine
function or urethra
transports urine from bladder to outside of body
name the two sphincters in urinary tract
internal, external
location of kidneys
pehind peritoneum on posterior abdominal wall on either side of vertebral column
what partialy protects kidneys
vertebrae and rib cage
what the renal capsule
surrounds each kidney, like skin
whats perirenal fat
engulfs renal capsule and acts as cushining
what is renal fascia
anchors kidneys to abdominal wall
what is the hilum
renal artery and nerves enter and renal vein and ureter exit kidneys
where is the cortex on the kidneys
outer area, includes renal columns
where is the medulla
inner area, includes renal pyramids
what are calyces
converge to form pelvis
what is the nephron
functional unit of kidney
urinary system functions
filtering blood, regulation of water, concentration of blood solutes, ph of blood, vitamin B
what is filtrate
plasma (water, nutrients, ions, nitrogenous waste)
describe reabsorbtion in the proximal tubule
in proximal convoluted tubules:
- Na and other ions, glucose, amino acids are reabsorbed into blood
- water follows passively by osmosis
what happens in descending loop of henle
-surrounding medulla high solute concentration
water exits passivly, solutes enters
(water follows the salt)
What happens in ascending look of henle
- na, cl, k transported out of filtrate
- water does not pass through
what happens in sistal convoluted tubules and collecting ducts
tubular excretions actively transport creatine, drugs, uric acid, h- into tubule
what is urine composed of
-h2o, salts, urea, uric acid, ammonium, creatinine
what is water balance of body maintained by
h2o reabsorbtion from nephron to blood
What does adh do
when hypothalamus is signaled by pituitary gland, adh is released, which increases permeability of collecting ducts
