Urinary System Flashcards
Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition. True or false?
True
If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 MG/100 mL and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 MG/100 mL, the amino acid will…
Appear in the urine
Which of the following is the correct sequence of kidney development from embryo to fetus?
Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros
One of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop?
Form a large volume of a very dilute urine or a small volume a very concentrated urine
But myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch. True or false
False
Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress. True or false?
False
Select the correct statement about the nephrons
The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple Squamous epithelium
Hypercalcemia causes muscle tetany. True or false
False
The two hormones responsible for the regulation of calcium are pituitary hormone and calcitonin. true or false?
False
And illness causes Doug to experience severe diarrhea and an accompanying loss of biocarbonate rich secretions. How can this metabolism acidosis be compensated?
Increased respiratory rate and depth
It is impossible to over hydrate because people need as much water as they can drink to carry out ordinary body functions. True or false?
False
What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?
Atrial natriuretic peptide (ATP)
Water imbalance, in which output exceeds intake, causing an inbalance in blood fluid, is termed dehydration. True or false?
True
Total body water is not a function of which of the following
Amount of water ingested
The function of angiotensin II is to …
Constrict arterioles it increase blood pressure
Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells.
Peritubular capillaries
Site of filtrate formation.
Glomerulus
Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.
Collecting duct
Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs.
Proximal convoluted tubule
Low pressure, porous vessels that reabsorb solutes and water from the tubule cells.
Peritubular capillaries
High pressure vessel that forces fluid and solutes into the glomerular capsule.
Afferent arterioles
May form meandering vessels or bundles of long straight vessels
Efferent arterioles
Plays a role in urine concentration.
Vasa recta.
Efferent arterioles serving the juxtamedullary nephrons
Vasa recta
Efferent arterioles serving the cortical nephron.
Peritubular capillaries
Fenestrated vessels that allow passage of all plasma elements but not blood cells.
Glomerular capillaries
What is Hypermagnesemia?
Magnesium excess
What is Hypocalcemia
Calcium depletion
What is Hypernatremia?
Sodium excess
What is hyponatremia?
Sodium depletion
What is hyperkalemia?
Potassium excess
What dissociates into ions in water?
Electrolytes
What does not dissociate in solution?
Nonelectrolytes
The main fluid compartment outside the cells.
Extracellular
The main fluid compartment inside the cells.
Intracellular
Fluid in the spaces between cells
Interstitial
Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid
Aldosterone
The lowest blood concentration of nitrogenous waste occurs in the…
renal vein
The glomerular capillaries differ from other capillary networks in the body because they…
are derived from and drain into arterioles
Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the ….
collecting ducts
Which is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule cells? a) sodium, b) potassium, c)amino acids, d) all of the above
all of the above
Glucose is not normally found in the urine because it…
is reabsorbed by the tubule cells
Filtration at the glomerulus is inversely related to…
capsular hydrostatic pressure
Tubular reabsorption a) of glucose and many other substances is a Tm-limited active transport process, b) of chloride is always linked to the passive transport of sodium, c) is the movement of substance from the blood into the nephron, d) of sodium occurs only in the proximal tubule
a) of glucose and many other substance is a Tm-limited active transport process
If a freshly voided urine sample contains excessive amounts of urochrome, it has ….
a dark yellow color
conditions such as diabetes mellitus and starvation are closely linked to …
ketonuria
Which of the following is/are true about ADH? a) It promotes obligatory water reabsorption, b) it is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, c) it causes insertion of aquaporins in the PCT, d) it promotes sodium reabsorption.
b) it is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality
Body water content is greater in ….
infants
Potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions are the predominant electrolytes in ….
intracellular fluid
Sodium balance in regulated primarily by control of amount(s) …
excreted in urine
Water balance is regulated by control of amount(s) …
ingested and excreted in urine
Two main substances regulated by the influence of aldosterone on the kidney tubules are…
potassium and sodium
Two substances regulated by parathyroid hormone are…
calcium and phosphate
Two substance secreted into the proximal convoluted tubules in exchange for sodium ions are …
ammonium ions and hydrogen ions
Part of an important chemical buffer system in plasma is..
bicarbonate
Two ions produced during catabolism of glutamine are…
ammonium ions and bicarbonate
Substance regulated by ADH’s effects on the renal tubules…
water
Which of the following factors will enhance ADH release? a) increase in ECF volume, b) decrease in ECF volume, c) decrease in ECF osmolality, d) increase in ECF osmolality
decrease in ECF volume & increase in ECF osmolality
The pH of blood varies directly with … a) HCO3-, b) Pco2, c) H+, d) none of these?
HCO3-
In an individual with metabolic acidosis, a clue that the respiratory system is compensating is provided by …
rapid, deep breathing
