Urinary System

Question 1

Incontinence is the inability to control voluntary micturition. True or false?

Answer 1

True

Question 2

If the Tm for a particular amino acid is 120 MG/100 mL and the concentration of that amino acid in the blood is 230 MG/100 mL, the amino acid will…

Answer 2

Appear in the urine

Question 3

Which of the following is the correct sequence of kidney development from embryo to fetus?

Answer 3

Pronephros, mesonephros, metanephros

Question 4

One of the choices below is a function of the nephron loop?

Answer 4

Form a large volume of a very dilute urine or a small volume a very concentrated urine

Question 5

But myogenic mechanism reflects the tendency of vascular smooth muscle to stretch. True or false

Answer 5

False

Question 6

Angiotensin II is a substance made by the body to lower blood pressure during stress. True or false?

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Select the correct statement about the nephrons

Answer 7

The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple Squamous epithelium

Question 8

Hypercalcemia causes muscle tetany. True or false

Answer 8

False

Question 9

The two hormones responsible for the regulation of calcium are pituitary hormone and calcitonin. true or false?

Answer 9

False

Question 10

And illness causes Doug to experience severe diarrhea and an accompanying loss of biocarbonate rich secretions. How can this metabolism acidosis be compensated?

Answer 10

Increased respiratory rate and depth

Question 11

It is impossible to over hydrate because people need as much water as they can drink to carry out ordinary body functions. True or false?

Answer 11

False

Question 12

What hormone reduces blood pressure and blood volume by inhibiting nearly all events that promote vasoconstriction and sodium ion and water retention?

Answer 12

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ATP)

Question 13

Water imbalance, in which output exceeds intake, causing an inbalance in blood fluid, is termed dehydration. True or false?

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Total body water is not a function of which of the following

Answer 14

Amount of water ingested

Question 15

The function of angiotensin II is to …

Answer 15

Constrict arterioles it increase blood pressure

Question 16

Blood supply that directly receives substances from the tubular cells.

Answer 16

Peritubular capillaries

Question 17

Site of filtrate formation.

Answer 17

Glomerulus

Question 18

Site that drains the distal convoluted tubule.

Answer 18

Collecting duct

Question 19

Site at which most of the tubular reabsorption occurs.

Answer 19

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 20

Low pressure, porous vessels that reabsorb solutes and water from the tubule cells.

Answer 20

Peritubular capillaries

Question 21

High pressure vessel that forces fluid and solutes into the glomerular capsule.

Answer 21

Afferent arterioles

Question 22

May form meandering vessels or bundles of long straight vessels

Answer 22

Efferent arterioles

Question 23

Plays a role in urine concentration.

Answer 23

Vasa recta.

Question 24

Efferent arterioles serving the juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 24

Vasa recta

Question 25

Efferent arterioles serving the cortical nephron.

Answer 25

Peritubular capillaries

Question 26

Fenestrated vessels that allow passage of all plasma elements but not blood cells.

Answer 26

Glomerular capillaries

Question 27

What is Hypermagnesemia?

Answer 27

Magnesium excess

Question 28

What is Hypocalcemia

Answer 28

Calcium depletion

Question 29

What is Hypernatremia?

Answer 29

Sodium excess

Question 30

What is hyponatremia?

Answer 30

Sodium depletion

Question 31

What is hyperkalemia?

Answer 31

Potassium excess

Question 32

What dissociates into ions in water?

Answer 32

Electrolytes

Question 33

What does not dissociate in solution?

Answer 33

Nonelectrolytes

Question 34

The main fluid compartment outside the cells.

Answer 34

Extracellular

Question 35

The main fluid compartment inside the cells.

Answer 35

Intracellular

Question 36

Fluid in the spaces between cells

Answer 36

Interstitial

Question 37

Regulates sodium ion concentrations in the extracellular fluid

Answer 37

Aldosterone

Question 38

The lowest blood concentration of nitrogenous waste occurs in the...

Answer 38

renal vein

Question 39

The glomerular capillaries differ from other capillary networks in the body because they...

Answer 39

are derived from and drain into arterioles

Question 40

Damage to the renal medulla would interfere first with the functioning of the ....

Answer 40

collecting ducts

Question 41

Which is reabsorbed by the proximal convoluted tubule cells? a) sodium, b) potassium, c)amino acids, d) all of the above

Answer 41

all of the above

Question 42

Glucose is not normally found in the urine because it...

Answer 42

is reabsorbed by the tubule cells

Question 43

Filtration at the glomerulus is inversely related to...

Answer 43

capsular hydrostatic pressure

Question 44

Tubular reabsorption a) of glucose and many other substances is a Tm-limited active transport process, b) of chloride is always linked to the passive transport of sodium, c) is the movement of substance from the blood into the nephron, d) of sodium occurs only in the proximal tubule

Answer 44

a) of glucose and many other substance is a Tm-limited active transport process

Question 45

If a freshly voided urine sample contains excessive amounts of urochrome, it has ....

Answer 45

a dark yellow color

Question 46

conditions such as diabetes mellitus and starvation are closely linked to ...

Answer 46

ketonuria

Question 47

Which of the following is/are true about ADH? a) It promotes obligatory water reabsorption, b) it is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality, c) it causes insertion of aquaporins in the PCT, d) it promotes sodium reabsorption.

Answer 47

b) it is secreted in response to an increase in extracellular fluid osmolality

Question 48

Body water content is greater in ....

Answer 48

infants

Question 49

Potassium, magnesium, and phosphate ions are the predominant electrolytes in ....

Answer 49

intracellular fluid

Question 50

Sodium balance in regulated primarily by control of amount(s) ...

Answer 50

excreted in urine

Question 51

Water balance is regulated by control of amount(s) ...

Answer 51

ingested and excreted in urine

Question 52

Two main substances regulated by the influence of aldosterone on the kidney tubules are...

Answer 52

potassium and sodium

Question 53

Two substances regulated by parathyroid hormone are...

Answer 53

calcium and phosphate

Question 54

Two substance secreted into the proximal convoluted tubules in exchange for sodium ions are ...

Answer 54

ammonium ions and hydrogen ions

Question 55

Part of an important chemical buffer system in plasma is..

Answer 55

bicarbonate

Question 56

Two ions produced during catabolism of glutamine are...

Answer 56

ammonium ions and bicarbonate

Question 57

Substance regulated by ADH's effects on the renal tubules...

Answer 57

water

Question 58

Which of the following factors will enhance ADH release? a) increase in ECF volume, b) decrease in ECF volume, c) decrease in ECF osmolality, d) increase in ECF osmolality

Answer 58

decrease in ECF volume & increase in ECF osmolality

Question 59

The pH of blood varies directly with ... a) HCO3-, b) Pco2, c) H+, d) none of these?

Answer 59

HCO3-

Question 60

In an individual with metabolic acidosis, a clue that the respiratory system is compensating is provided by ...

Answer 60

rapid, deep breathing