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Anatomy of Domestic Animals > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

metabolic waste products

A

products not needed by the body anymore, include potentially harmful substance that must be eliminated and can be harmful if accumulated

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2
Q

kidneys

A

located in the dorsal abdominal area; right kidney is more cranial than left

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3
Q

retroperitoneal

A

Between the peritoneum & the abdominal cavity

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4
Q

urinary system functions

A

Production of urine; maintain homeostasis through blood filtration, reabsorption & secretion; fluid base regulation; acid base balance regulation; production of hormones; blood pressure regulation

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5
Q

Nerve supply to the kidney

A

Sympathetic stimulation causes vasoconstriction of renal vessels; sympathetic portion of autonomic nervous system releases norepinephrine

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6
Q

Kidney hormones

A

ADH, aldosterone, erythropoietin, prostaglandins, & rentin

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7
Q

Renal capsule

A

Thick fibrous covering of the kidney

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8
Q

Hilus

A

Indented area where ureter, renal artery, renal vein & nerves enter & leave

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9
Q

Renal cortex

A

Outer portion of the kidney, reddish brown in color

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10
Q

Renal medulla

A

Surrounds renal pelvis; drains urine to calyces

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11
Q

Calyces

A

Direct urine into renal pelvis, from there urine moves into ureter

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12
Q

Renal pelvis

A

Urine collection chamber that forms beginning of ureter; not present in cow; lined with transitional epithelium for stretching

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13
Q

Mutilobar/multi pyramidal

A

Numerous medulla a facing the ureter; cows & pigs

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14
Q

Unipyramidal/ unilobar

A

Medullary pyramids fused as 1 structure to form a calyx that directs urine into renal pelvis

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15
Q

Nephron

A

Basic functional unit of the kidney

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16
Q

Afferent arterioles

A

Carry blood to renal corpuscle

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17
Q

Renal corpuscle

A

Located in the cortex, made up of the glomerulus & bowmen’s capsule

18
Q

Glomerulus

A

Tuft of capillaries where filtration starts; forms glomerular filtrate

19
Q

Bowmen’s capsule

A

Double walked capsule that surrounds glomerulus with visceral & parietal layers

20
Q

Podocytes

A

Extensions that cover glomerular capillaries with a permeable layer to allow fluid & dissolved substances to pas through

21
Q

Proximal convoluted tubule

A

Continuation of capsular space of bowmen’s capsule; longest part of nephron; reabsorption & secretion of tubular filtrate

22
Q

Efferent arterioles

A

Carry blood out of renal corpuscles

23
Q

Peritubular capillaries

A

O2 exchange to cells of nephron; reabsorption & secretion

24
Q

Loop of henle

A

Continues from PCT, descends into medulla, makes a u turn & heads back into cortex; ascending wall becomes thicker again

25
Q

Distal convoluted tubule

A

Continuation of ascending loop of henle; empties into collecting ducts

26
Q

Collecting ducts

A

Hold urine; empty into renal pelvis; primary site of ADH action & regulation of K, Na & acid-base balance

27
Q

Blood flow through the kidney

A

Renal artery ➡️ afferent arterioles ➡️ glomerulus capillaries ➡️ efferent arterioles ➡️ peritubular capillaries ➡️ renal vein

28
Q

Renal artery

A

Branches off abdominal aorta & brings blood to the kidney

29
Q

Renal vein

A

Takes purified blood from the kidney & brings it to the caudal vena cabs

30
Q

Fenstrations

A

Windows in capillary endothelium

31
Q

Urine volume regulation

A

Controlled by the action if ADH & aldosterone

32
Q

Ureters

A

3 layers
Outer fibrous
Middle muscular
Inner epithelial

33
Q

Trigone

A

Oblique angle where ureters insert into the bladder

34
Q

Urinary bladder

A

Where urine is stored as its produced

35
Q

Detruser muscle

A

Smooth muscle of the urinary bladder that contracts to expel urine

36
Q

Circulator sphincter muscle

A

Around the neck of the bladder to provide voluntary control over urination process

37
Q

Control of urination

A

Urine accumulation
Detruser muscle contraction
Circulator sphincter muscle control
Release of urine

38
Q

Urethra

A

Continuation of the neck of the bladder

39
Q

Urachus

A

Tube that runs from the fetal bladder to the umbilicus vein

40
Q

Waste products include

A

Water, urea, salts &a other soluble waste products

Anatomy of Domestic Animals (7 decks)

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