urinary system Flashcards
5 diagnostics that can be performed to evaluate the urinary tract
BW, UA, Urine culture, imaging, biopsy, surgery
definition of azotemia
build up of nitrogenous waste in blood stream
difference between BUN and creatinine
BUN- protein metabolism by liver
creatinine- muscle breakdown
how is azotemia diagnosed?
BW - analyze
3 types of azotemia
pre-renal, renal, post-renal
which type of azotemia affects perfusion to kidneys- dehydration, systemic illness.
pre-renal
which type of azotemia involves renal failure and neoplasia
renal
which type of azotemia may not be able to evaluate- ureters, bladder, urethra
post-renal
which value on a chemistry test is most useful for evaluating kidney function
creatinine
which value on a dipstick is most useful for evaluating kidney function
protein - for dilute urine
signs of renal failure will usually be evident with what percentage loss of kidney function?
66% change in SG
75% change in SG, increased BUN and creatinine
80-85% change in SG, increased BUN, Creatinine and phosphorus
what does SG do
ability of kidneys to dilute or concentrate urine based off of health and hydration status
name two types of renal failure
acute, chronic
what C.S are involved with both types of renal failure
PU/PD, anorexia, dehydration, GI signs, nausea, Vomiting
main difference between acute and chronic renal failure
acute- stop
chronic- slow, degenerative. wt loss, anemia
treatment for renal failure
IV fluids, GI meds, Abx, diet (increased phos binders)
symptoms of a ureter obstruction?
early on. no symptoms. renal failure
symptoms of a ectopic ureter?
incontinence, chronic UTI
which animal most frequently gets a UTI?
female dog
4 clinical signs of a UTI
pollakiuria, dysuria, hematuria, licking
how is a UTI diagnosed- which is most accurate?
culture, U/A, imaging. (cysto). culture most accurate
how are UTIs typically treated?
abx, pain meds, special diet
two names for struvite
triple phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate
how is a bladder stone diagnosed?
imaging, cystotomy, stone analysis
treatment of bladder stone
special diet, remove, abx, pain meds
how you prevent recurrence of bladder stones
keep on special diet, recheck urine. drink water.
common symptoms of FLUTD
not using box
3 ways to manage FLUTD
special diet, increased water, stress reduction, meds- phenocybenzamine, anxiety. abx
medication for bladder atony
bethanecol, urinary catheter. treat infection
meds for urinary incontinence
DES and PPA
