urinary system

Question 1

5 diagnostics that can be performed to evaluate the urinary tract

Answer 1

BW, UA, Urine culture, imaging, biopsy, surgery

Question 2

definition of azotemia

Answer 2

build up of nitrogenous waste in blood stream

Question 3

difference between BUN and creatinine

Answer 3

BUN- protein metabolism by liver

creatinine- muscle breakdown

Question 4

how is azotemia diagnosed?

Answer 4

BW - analyze

Question 5

3 types of azotemia

Answer 5

pre-renal, renal, post-renal

Question 6

which type of azotemia affects perfusion to kidneys- dehydration, systemic illness.

Answer 6

pre-renal

Question 7

which type of azotemia involves renal failure and neoplasia

Answer 7

renal

Question 8

which type of azotemia may not be able to evaluate- ureters, bladder, urethra

Answer 8

post-renal

Question 9

which value on a chemistry test is most useful for evaluating kidney function

Answer 9

creatinine

Question 10

which value on a dipstick is most useful for evaluating kidney function

Answer 10

protein - for dilute urine

Question 11

signs of renal failure will usually be evident with what percentage loss of kidney function?

Answer 11

66% change in SG
75% change in SG, increased BUN and creatinine
80-85% change in SG, increased BUN, Creatinine and phosphorus

Question 12

what does SG do

Answer 12

ability of kidneys to dilute or concentrate urine based off of health and hydration status

Question 13

name two types of renal failure

Answer 13

acute, chronic

Question 14

what C.S are involved with both types of renal failure

Answer 14

PU/PD, anorexia, dehydration, GI signs, nausea, Vomiting

Question 15

main difference between acute and chronic renal failure

Answer 15

acute- stop

chronic- slow, degenerative. wt loss, anemia

Question 16

treatment for renal failure

Answer 16

IV fluids, GI meds, Abx, diet (increased phos binders)

Question 17

symptoms of a ureter obstruction?

Answer 17

early on. no symptoms. renal failure

Question 18

symptoms of a ectopic ureter?

Answer 18

incontinence, chronic UTI

Question 19

which animal most frequently gets a UTI?

Answer 19

female dog

Question 20

4 clinical signs of a UTI

Answer 20

pollakiuria, dysuria, hematuria, licking

Question 21

how is a UTI diagnosed- which is most accurate?

Answer 21

culture, U/A, imaging. (cysto). culture most accurate

Question 22

how are UTIs typically treated?

Answer 22

abx, pain meds, special diet

Question 23

two names for struvite

Answer 23

triple phosphate, magnesium ammonium phosphate

Question 24

how is a bladder stone diagnosed?

Answer 24

imaging, cystotomy, stone analysis

Question 25

treatment of bladder stone

Answer 25

special diet, remove, abx, pain meds

Question 26

how you prevent recurrence of bladder stones

Answer 26

keep on special diet, recheck urine. drink water.

Question 27

common symptoms of FLUTD

Answer 27

not using box

Question 28

3 ways to manage FLUTD

Answer 28

special diet, increased water, stress reduction, meds- phenocybenzamine, anxiety. abx

Question 29

medication for bladder atony

Answer 29

bethanecol, urinary catheter. treat infection

Question 30

meds for urinary incontinence

Answer 30

DES and PPA