cardioresp/MS

Question 1

Best first line treatment for an animal presenting with a cardiac emergency

Answer 1

minimize stress, O2, diuretic, low fluid rate

Question 2

what is the best supportive treatment for an animal in respiratory distress?

Answer 2

O2, minimize stress.

Question 3

What is pulmonary edema?

Answer 3

fluid in the lungs

Question 4

CS of pulmonary edema? auscultation? dx? tx?

Answer 4

cough, dyspnea, crackles,
radiographs,
diuretics, caution with fluid rates

Question 5

causes of pulmonary edema

Answer 5

left sided heart failure, anaphylaxis, electrocution, smoke inhalation, heat stroke, drowning, tumor, damage to lung tissue

Question 6

what is pleural effusion?

Answer 6

fluid outside the lungs

Question 7

pleural effusion CS, auscultation, dx, tx

Answer 7

dyspnea, muffled sounds,
radiographs, thoracocentesis,
diuretics.

Question 8

5 types of pleural effusion

Answer 8

hemothorax, pyothorax, chylothorax, hydrothorax, pneumothorax

Question 9

cause of hemothorax

Answer 9

trauma to RBC, tumor, systemic bleeding

Question 10

cause of pyothorax

Answer 10

infection- neutrophils

Question 11

chylothorax

Answer 11

low cell and protein count. CHF

Question 12

pneumothorax

Answer 12

air- trauma

Question 13

equipment for chest tube placement

Answer 13

lidocaine, scalpel blades, tube, stop cock, syringe, suture, ointment, bandage, radiograph

Question 14

tracheal collapse CS, dx, tx

Answer 14

goose honk. small breeds. dx-radiograph, bronchoscopy. tx- manage. weight control, harness, sx.

Question 15

brachycephalic syndrome CS, dx, tx

Answer 15

stenotic nares, elongated soft palate everted laryngeal saccule, hypoplastic trachea

Question 16

laryngeal paralysis dx, tx

Answer 16

dx- laryngoscopy. tx- intubate or sx

Question 17

4 causes of bronchial disease

Answer 17

HW, asthma, kennel cough, fibrosis

Question 18

dx for bronchial disease

Answer 18

rad, HWT, TTW

Question 19

tx bronchial disease

Answer 19

bronchodilator, albuterol, methyxanthine.

Question 20

causes of epistaxis

Answer 20

infections, tumor, systemic disease, dental dz, FB, toxins

Question 21

2 causes of aspiration pneumonia

Answer 21

surgery complication, regurgitating. megaesophagus, disphragmatic hernia.

Question 22

the cause of many MS emergencies

Answer 22

trauma, degenerative disease

Question 23

the most useful diagnostic test for most MS emergencies

Answer 23

radiographs

Question 24

type 2 IVDD

Answer 24

chronic- degenerative condition any age/size

Question 25

type 1 IVDD

Answer 25

acute- small breeds (dachshund)

Question 26

list the progression of symptoms with spinal trauma

Answer 26

back pain, loss of conscious- proprioception-motor function- deep pain, withdrawal reflex

Question 27

best overall treatment for mild to moderate spinal injuries

Answer 27

rest. NSAIDS, steroids, pain control

Question 28

strongest method of surgical repair for fractures

Answer 28

plates/screws

Question 29

when would bandage and splint be indicated

Answer 29

surgical stabilization

Question 30

when would bandage and splint be contraindicated

Answer 30

distal injuries, young animals, cats, cost prohibited.

Question 31

layers of bandage

Answer 31

stirrup, telfa pad, padding, gauze, vet wrap

Question 32

what to tell owner about bandage

Answer 32

monitor for swelling, keep dry and clean, prevent licking and chewing, limit activity, rechecks.

Question 33

clean vs contaminated wound

Answer 33

clean- no debris- less than 8 hours since injury | contaminated- debris.. more than 8 hours since injury

Question 34

steps used in treating an abscess

Answer 34

``` clip/clean lance drain flush give meds- abx, pain meds ```

Question 35

describe first intention healing

Answer 35

closure of fresh wound without granulation.. less than 5 days

Question 36

describe second intention healing

Answer 36

no sutures. abscess, burns, fractures, contaminated wounds

Question 37

describe third intention healing

Answer 37

wounds closed after granulation tissue is present, more than 5 days after injury. take skin from other body part