cardioresp/MS Flashcards
Best first line treatment for an animal presenting with a cardiac emergency
minimize stress, O2, diuretic, low fluid rate
what is the best supportive treatment for an animal in respiratory distress?
O2, minimize stress.
What is pulmonary edema?
fluid in the lungs
CS of pulmonary edema? auscultation? dx? tx?
cough, dyspnea, crackles,
radiographs,
diuretics, caution with fluid rates
causes of pulmonary edema
left sided heart failure, anaphylaxis, electrocution, smoke inhalation, heat stroke, drowning, tumor, damage to lung tissue
what is pleural effusion?
fluid outside the lungs
pleural effusion CS, auscultation, dx, tx
dyspnea, muffled sounds,
radiographs, thoracocentesis,
diuretics.
5 types of pleural effusion
hemothorax, pyothorax, chylothorax, hydrothorax, pneumothorax
cause of hemothorax
trauma to RBC, tumor, systemic bleeding
cause of pyothorax
infection- neutrophils
chylothorax
low cell and protein count. CHF
pneumothorax
air- trauma
equipment for chest tube placement
lidocaine, scalpel blades, tube, stop cock, syringe, suture, ointment, bandage, radiograph
tracheal collapse CS, dx, tx
goose honk. small breeds. dx-radiograph, bronchoscopy. tx- manage. weight control, harness, sx.
brachycephalic syndrome CS, dx, tx
stenotic nares, elongated soft palate everted laryngeal saccule, hypoplastic trachea
laryngeal paralysis dx, tx
dx- laryngoscopy. tx- intubate or sx
4 causes of bronchial disease
HW, asthma, kennel cough, fibrosis
dx for bronchial disease
rad, HWT, TTW
tx bronchial disease
bronchodilator, albuterol, methyxanthine.
causes of epistaxis
infections, tumor, systemic disease, dental dz, FB, toxins
2 causes of aspiration pneumonia
surgery complication, regurgitating. megaesophagus, disphragmatic hernia.
the cause of many MS emergencies
trauma, degenerative disease
the most useful diagnostic test for most MS emergencies
radiographs
type 2 IVDD
chronic- degenerative condition any age/size
type 1 IVDD
acute- small breeds (dachshund)
list the progression of symptoms with spinal trauma
back pain, loss of conscious- proprioception-motor function- deep pain, withdrawal reflex
best overall treatment for mild to moderate spinal injuries
rest. NSAIDS, steroids, pain control
strongest method of surgical repair for fractures
plates/screws
when would bandage and splint be indicated
surgical stabilization
when would bandage and splint be contraindicated
distal injuries, young animals, cats, cost prohibited.
layers of bandage
stirrup, telfa pad, padding, gauze, vet wrap
what to tell owner about bandage
monitor for swelling, keep dry and clean, prevent licking and chewing, limit activity, rechecks.
clean vs contaminated wound
clean- no debris- less than 8 hours since injury
contaminated- debris.. more than 8 hours since injury
steps used in treating an abscess
clip/clean lance drain flush give meds- abx, pain meds
describe first intention healing
closure of fresh wound without granulation.. less than 5 days
describe second intention healing
no sutures. abscess, burns, fractures, contaminated wounds
describe third intention healing
wounds closed after granulation tissue is present, more than 5 days after injury. take skin from other body part
