Urinary System Flashcards
kidneys
Two bean-shaped organs located on each side of the vertebral column on the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity behind the parietal peritoneum. Their function is to remove waste products from the blodd and to aid in maintaining water and electrolyte balance
nephron
urine-producing microscopic structure. Approximately 1 million nephrons are located in each kidney.
glomerulus (pl. glomeruli)
cluster of capillaries at the entrance of the nephron. the process of filtering the blood, thereby forming urine, begins here.
renal pelvis
funnel-shaped reservoir that collects the urine and passes it to the kidney
hilum
indentation on the medial side of the kindy where the ureter leaves the kidney
ureters
two slender tubes, approxiamtely 10 to 13 inches long, that receive the urine from the kidneys and carry it to the posterior portion of the bladder
urinary bladder
muscular, hollow organ that temporarily holds the urine. As it fills, the thick, muscular wall becomes thinner, and the organ increases in size.
urethra
lowest part of the urinary tract, through which the urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body.
urinary meatus
opening through which the urine passes to the outside
cysto, vesic/o
bladder, sac
glomerul/o
glomerulus
meat/o
meatus (opening)
nephr/o, ren/o
kidney
pyel/o
renal pelvis
ureter/o
ureter
urethr/o
urethra
albumin/o
albumin
azot/o
urea, nitrogen
blast/o
developing cell, germ cell
glyc/o, glycos/o
sugar
hydr/o
water
lith/o
stone, calculus
noct/i
night
olig/o
scanty, few
son/o
sound
tom/o
cut, section
urin/o, ur/o
urine, urinary tract
-gram
record, radiographic image
-iasis, -esis
condition
-lysis
loosening, dissolution, separating
-megaly
enlargement
-ptosis
drooping, sagging, prolapse
-rrhaphy
suturing, repairing
-tripsy
surgical crushing
-trophy
nourishment, development
-uria
urine, urination
hydronephrosis
abnormal condition of water in the kidney
nephritis
inflammation of the kidney
nephroblastoma
kidney tumor containing developing cells
nephrohypertrophy
excessive development (increase in size) of the kidney
nephrolithiasis
condition of stones in the kidney
nephroma
tumor of the kidney
nephromegaly
enlargement of the kidney
nephroptosis
drooping kidney
pyelitis
inflammation of the renal pelvis
pyelonephritis
inflammation of the renal pelvis and the kidney
ureteritis
inflammation of the ureter
ureterocele
protrusion of a ureter (distally into the bladder)
ureterolithiasis
condition of stones in the ureters
ureterostenosis
narrowing of the ureter
urethrocystitis
inflammation of the urethra and the bladder
polycystic kidney disease
condition in which the kidney contains many cysts and is enlarged
renal calculus
stone in the kidney
renal failure
loss of kidney function resulting in its inability to remove waste products from the body and maintain electrolyte balance
renal hypertension
elevated blood pressure resulting from kidney disease
urinary suppression
sudden stoppage of urine formation
urinary tract infection (UTI)
infection of one or more organs of the urinary tract
cystectomy
excision of the bladder
cystolithotomy
incision of the bladder to remove a stone
cystostomy
creating an artifical opening into the bladder
cystorrhaphy
suturing the bladder
cystotomy, vesicotomy
incision of the bladder
lithotripsy
surgical crushing of a stone
meatotomy
incision of the meatus (to enlarge it)
nephrectomy
excision of the kidney
nephrolithotomy
incision of the kidney to remove a stone
nephrolithotripsy
surgical crushing of a stone in the kidney
nephrolysis
separating the kidney (from other body structures)
nephropexy
surgical fixation of the kidney
nephrostomy
creation of an artifical opening into the kidney
pyelolithotomy
incision of the renal pelvis to remove a stone
pyeloplasty
surgical repair of the renal pelvis
ureterostomy
creation of an artifical opening into the ureter
ureterectomy
excision of a ureter
urethroplasty
surgical repair of the urethra
vesicourethral suspension
suspension pertaining to the bladder and urethra
extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy
a noninvasive treatment for removal of kidney stone or ureteral stone. By using ultrasound and fluoroscopic imaging, the stone is positioned at a focal point. Repeated firing of the shock waves renders the stone into fragments that pass from the body in the urine.
fulguration
destruction of living tissue with an electric spark
renal transplant
surgical implantation of a donor kidney to replace a nonfunctioning kidney
cystogram
radiographic image of the bladder
cystography
radiographic imaging of the bladder
intravenous urogram (IVU)
radiographic image of the urinary tract
nephrogram
radiographic image of the kidney
nephrography
radiographic imaging of the kidney
nephrosonography
process of recording the kidney using sound (an ultrasound test)
nephrotomogram
sectional radiographic image of the kidney
renogram
(graphic) record of the kidney
retrograde urogram
radiographic image of the urinary tract
voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)
radiographic imaging of the bladder and the urethra
KUB (Kidney, ureter, bladder)
a simple radiographic image of the abdomen. It is often used to view the kidneys, ureters, and bladder to determine size, shape, and location.
blood urea nitrogen (BUN)
a blood test that measures the amount of urea in the blood; used to determine kidney function. An increased BUN indicates renal dysfunction
creatinine (cre-AT-i-nin)
a blood test that measures the amount of creatinine in the blood. An elevated amount may indicate impaired kidney function.
specific gravity (SG)
a test performed on a urine specimen to measure the concentrating or diluting ability of the kidneys
urinalysis (UA)
multiple routine tests performed on a urine specimen.
albuminuria (al-bu-min-U-re-a)
albumin in the urine (albumin is an important protein in the blood, but when found in the urine, it indicates a kidney problem)
anuria (an-U-re-a)
absence of urine (failure for kidneys to produce urine
diuresis (di-u-RE-sis)
condition of urine passing through (increased amount of urine)
dysuria (dis-U-re-a)
difficult or painful urination
glycosuria (gli-ko-SU-re-a)
sugar (glucose) in the urine
hematuria (hem-a-TU-re-a)
blood in the urine
meatal (me-A-tal)
pertaining to the meatus
nephrologist (ne-FROL-o-jist)
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the kidney
nephrology (ne-FROL-o-je)
study of the kidney (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the kidney)
nocturia (nok-TU-re-a)
night urination
oliguria (ol-i-GU-re-a)
scanty urine (amount)
polyuria (pol-e-U-re-a)
much (excessive) urine
pyuria (pi-U-re-a)
pus in the urine
urinary (u-rin-ar-e)
pertaining to urine
urologist (u-ROL-o-jist)
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the urinary tract
urology
study of the urinary tract
catheter
flexible, tubelike, device, such as a urinary catheter, for withdrawing or instilling fluids
distended
stretched out (bladder is distended when filled with urine)
enuresis (en-u-RE-sis)
involuntary urination
hemodialysis (HD)
procedure for removing impurities from the blood because of an inability of the kidneys to do so.
incontinence
inability to control bladder and/or bowels
micturate (MIK-tu-rat)
to urinate or void
peritoneal dialysis (par-i-to-NE-al di-AL-i-sis)
procedure for removing toxic wastes when the kidney is unable to do so.
stricture (STRIK-chur)
abnormal narrowing, such as a urethral stricture
urinal
receptacle for urine
urinary catheterization
passage of a catheter into the urinary bladder to withdraw urine
urodynamics (u-ro-di-NAM-iks)
pertaining to the force and flow of urine within the urinary tract
void
to empty or evacuate waster material, especially urine
ARF
acute renal failure
BUN
Blood urea nitrogen
cath
catheterization, catheter
CRF
chronic renal failure
ESRD
end-stage renal failure
ESWL
extracorpeal shock wave lithotripsy
HD
hemodialysis
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
IVU
intravenous urogram
OAB
overactive bladder
SG
specific gravity
UA
urinalysis
UTI
urinary tract infection
VCUG
voiding cystourethrogram