Cardiovascular System Flashcards
heart
muscular cone-shaped organ the size of a fist, located behind the sternum and between the lungs. The heart consits of two upper chambers the right atrium and left atrium. Two lower chambers right and left ventricles. The left atrium receives blood returning from the body through the veins. The left artium receives blood from the lungs. the left venricle pumps blood through the arteries from the heart back to the body tissue; the right ventricle pumps blood to the lungs. The atrial septum separates the atria and the ventricular septum separates the ventricles.
atrioventricular valves
consist of the tricuspid and mitral valves. Valves keep blood flowing one direction.
semilunar valves
pulmonary and aortic valves located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery and between the left ventricle and the aorta, respectively
pericardium
two-layer sac surronding the heart, consisting of an external fibrous and an internal serous layer
three layers of the heart
epicardium, myocardium, endocardium
epicardium
covers the heart
myocardium
middle, thick, muscular layer
endocardium
inner lining of the heart
blood vessels
tubelike structures that carry blood throughout the body
arteries
blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart. all arteries, with the exception of the pulmonary artery, carry oxygen and other nutrients from the heart to the body cells.
pulmonary artery
in contrast carries carbon dioxide and other waste products from the hear to th lungs
arterioles
smallest arteries
aorta
largest artery in the body, originating at the left ventricle and descending through the thorax and abdomen
veins
blood vessels that carry blood back to the heart.
venules
smallest vein
venae cavae
largest veins in the body.
capillaries
microscopic blood vessels that connect arterioles with venules.
blood
composed of plasma and formed elements, such as erythrocytes, leukocytes, and thrombocytes
plasma
clear, straw-colored, liquid portion of blood in which cells are suspended. Plasma is approximately 90% water comprises approximately 55% of the total blood volume
erythrocytes
red blood cells that carry oxygen. Erythrocytes develop in bone marrow.
leukocytes
white blood cells that combat infection and respond to inflammation. There are five types of white blood cells.
platelets
one of the formed elements in the blood that is responsible for aiding in the clotting process
serum
clear, watery fluid portion of the blood that remains after a clot has formed
lymph
transparent, colorless, tissue fluid that, on entering the lymphatic system, is called lymph. Lymph contains lymphocytes and monocytes and flows in a one-way direction to the heart. Lymph is similar to blood plasma.
lymphatic vessels
similar to veins, lymphatic vessels transport lymph from body tissues to the chest, where it enters the cardiovascular system. The vessels begin as capillaries spread throughout the body then merge into larger tubs that eventually become ducts in the chest. They provide a one-way flow for lymph gathered from the tissues to ducts in the chest, where lymph enters through the veins into the circulatory system.
lymph nodes
small, spherical bodies composed of lymphoid tissue. They may be singular or grouped together along the path of the lymph vessels. The nodes filter lymph to keep substances such as bacteria and other foreign agents from entering the blood. They also produce lymphocytes.
spleen
located in the left side of the abdominal cavity between the stomach and the diaphragm. In adulthood, the spleen is the largest lymphatic organ in the body. Blood, rather that lymph, flows through the spleen. Blood is cleansed of microorganisms in the spleen. The spleen stores blood and destroys worn out red blood cells.
thymus gland
one of the primary lymphatic organs, it is located anterior to the ascending aorta and posterior to the sternum between the lungs. It plays an important role in the development of the body’s immune system, particularly from infancy to puberty. Around puberty the thymus gland atrophies so that most of the gland is connective tissue.
angi/o
vessel (usually refers to blood vessel)
aort/o
aorta
arteri/o
artery
atri/o
atrium
cardi/o
heart
lymph/o
lymph, lymph tissue
lymphaden/o
lymph node
myel/o
bone marrow
phleb/o, ven/o
vein
plasm/o
plasma
splen/o
spleen
thym/o
thymus gland
valv/o, valvul/o
valve
ventricul/o
ventricle
ather/o
yellowish, fatty plaque
ech/o
sound
electr/o
electricity, electrical cavity
isch/o
deficiency, blockage
therm/o
heat
thromb/o
clot
brady-
slow
-ac
pertaining to
-apheresis
removal
-graph
insturment used to record; record
-penia
abnormal reduction in number
-poiesis
formation
-sclerosis
hardening
angioma (an-je-O-ma)
tumor composed of blood vessels
angiostenosis (an-je-o-ste-NO-sis)
narrowing of a blood vessel
aortic stenosis (a-OR-tik ste-NO-sis)
narrowing, pertaining to aorta
arteriosclerosis (ar-ter-e-o-skle-RO-sis)
harderning of the arteries
atherosclerosis (ath-er-o-skle-RO-sis)
hardening of fatty plaque
bradycardi (brad-e-KAR-de-a)
condition of a slow heart
cardiomegaly (kar-de-o-MEG-a-le)
enlargement of the heart
cardiomyopathy (kar-de-o-mi-OP-a-the)
disease of the heart muscle
endocarditis (en-do-kar-DI-tis)
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
ischemia (is-KE-me-a)
deficiency of blood flow
myocarditis (mi-o-kar-DI-tis)
inflammation of the heart muscle
pericarditis (per-i-kar-DI-tis)
inflammation of the sac surronding the heart
phlebitis (fle-BI-tis)
inflammation of the vein
polyarteritis (pol-e-ar-te-RI-tis)
inflammation of many arteries
tachycardia (tak-i-KAR-de-a)
condition of a rapid heart (more than 100 bpm)
thrombophlebitis (throm-bo-fle-BI-tis)
inflammation of a vein associated with a clot
valvulitis (val-vu-LI-tis)
inflammation of a valve of the heart
hematoma (he-ma-TO-ma)
tumor of blood
multiple myeloma (MUL-te-pl mi-e-LO-ma)
tumors of bone marrow
pancytopenia (pan-si-to-PE-ne-a)
abnormal reduction of all (blood) cells
thrombosis (throm-BO-sis)
abnormal condition of a (blood) clot
thrombus (THROM-bus)
blood clot attached to an interior wall of an artery or vein
lymphadenitis (lim-fad-e-NI-tis)
inflammation of lymph nodes
lymphadenopathy (lim-fad-e-NOP-a-the)
disease of the lymph nodes
lymphoma (lim-FO-ma)
tumor of lymphatic tissue
splenomegaly (sple-no-MEG-a-le)
enlargement of the spleen
thymoma (thi-MO-ma)
tumor of th thymus gland
acute coronary syndrome
sudden symptoms of insufficient blood supply to the heart indicating unstable angina
aneurysm (AN-u-rizm)
ballooning of a weakened portion of an arterial wall
angina pectoris (an-JI-na PEK-to-ris)
chest pain, which may radiate to the left arm and jaw, that occurs when there is an insufficient supply of blood to the heart muscle.
arrhythmia (a-RITH-me-a)
any disturbance or abnormality in the heart’s normal rhythmic pattern
atrial fibrilation (AFib) (A-tre-al fi-bri-LA-shun)
a cardiac arrhythmia characterized by chaotic, rapid electrical impulses in the atria.
cardiac arrest (KAR-de-ak a-REST)
sudden cessation of cardiac output and effective circulation, which requires CPR
cardiac tamponade (KAR-de-ak tam-po-NAD)
acute compression of the heart caused by fluid accumulation in the pericardial cavity
coarctation of the aorta (ko-ark-TA-shun a OR-ta)
congenital cardiac condition characterized by a narrowing of the aorta
congenital heart disease (kon-JEN-i-tal hart di-ZEZ)
heart abnormality present at birth
congestive heart failure (CHF)
inability of the heart to pump enough blood through the body to supply the tissues and organs with nutrients and oxygen
coronary artery disease (CAD)
a condition that reduces the flow of a blood through the coronary arteries to th myocardium
coronary occlusion (KOR-o-nar-e o-KLU-zhun)
obstruction of an artery of the heart.
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
condition of thrombus in a deep vein of the body
hypertensive heart disease (HHD)
disorder of the heart caused by persistent high blood pressure
intermittent claudication (in-ter-MIT-nt klaw-di-KA-shun)
pain and discomfort in calf muscles while walking
mitral valve stenosis (MI-tral ste-NO-sis)
a narrowing of the mitral valve from scarring; usually caused by episodes
myocardial infarcation (MI)
deathof a portion of the myocardium caused by lack of oxygen resulting from an interrupted blood supply
peripheral arterial disease (PAD)
disease of the arteries in the arms and legs, resulting in narrowing or complete obstruction of the artery
rheumatic heart disease
damage to the heart muscle of heart valves caused by one or more episodes of rheumatic fever
varicose veins
distended or tortuous veins usually found in the lower extremities
anemia
reduction in the number of red blood cells.
