Med Term Overview - Prefix, Suffix, Combining Words Flashcards
Four word parts
- Word root 2. Prefix 3. Suffix 4. Combining form
Word root
the word part that is the core of the word. eg. play/er, play is the word root; arthr/itis, arthr (which means joint) is the word root hepat/itis, hepat (which means liver) is the word Root
Suffix
word part attached to the end of the word rot to modify its meaning eg. play/er, -er is the suffix hepat/ic, -ic (which means pertaining to) is the suffix Hepat/itis, -itis (which mean inflammation) is the suffix
Prefix
word part attached to the beginning of a word to modify its meaning eg. re/play, re- is the prefix sub/hepat/ic, sub- (which means under) is the prefix intra/ven/ous, intra- (which means within) is the prefix, ven (which means vein) is the word root, -ous (which means pertaining to) is the suffix
Combining Form
a word root with the combining vowel attached, separated by a vertical slash eg. arthr/o oste/o
Combining Vowel
the word part, usually an O, used to ease pronunciation eg. oste/o/arthr/itis
Four guidelines for using combining vowels
- When combining a word root and a suffix , a combining vowel is used if the suffix does not begin with a vowel 2. When connecting a word and a suffix, a combining vowel is usually not used if the suffix begins with a vowel 3. When connecting two word roots, a combining vowel is usually used even if the vowels are present at the junction 4. When connecting a prefix and a word root, a combining vowel is not used
Cell
basic unit of all living things
cell membrane
forms the boundary of the cell
cytoplasm
gel-like fluid inside the cell
nucleus
largest structure within the cell, it contains chromosomes fro the cellular reproduction and is the control center of the cell
chromosomes
located in the nucleus of the cell.
genes
regions within the chromosome that determine hereditary characteristics
DNA (deoxyribonuleic acid)
comprises each gene; is a genetic material that regulates the activities of the cell
Tissue
group of similar cells that preforms a specific function
muscle tissue
composed of cells that have a special ability to contract, usually producing movement
nervous tissue
found in the nerves, spinal cord, and brain, It is responsible for coordinating and controlling body activities
connective tissue
connects, supports, penetrates, and encases various body structures. Adipose (fat), osseous (bone) tissues and blood are types of connective tissue.
epithelial tissue
the major covering of the external surface of the body; forms membranes that line body cavities and organs and is the major tissue in glands
Organ
Two or more kinds of tissue that work together to preform complex body functions. eg skin
system
group of organs that work together to preform complex body functions. eg the cardiovascular system
Integumentary System
composed of skin, nails, glans. Forms a protective covering for the body, regulates body temperature, and helps manufacture vitamin D.
Respiratory System
Composed of nose, pharynx (throat), larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, and lungs. Performs respiration which provides for the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide within the body
Urinary System
Composed of kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. Removes waste material (urine) from the body, regulates fluid volume, and maintains electrolyte concentration
Reproductive System
Female reproductive system is composed of ovaries, uterine tubes, uterus, vagina, and mammary glands. Male reproductive system is composed of testes, urethra, penis, prostate gland, and associated tubes. Responsible for heredity and reproduction.
Cardiovascular System
Composed of the heart and blood vessels. Pumps and transports blood throughout the body.
Lymphatic System
Composed of a network of vessels, ducts, nodes, and organs. Provides defense against infection.
Digestive System
Composed of the gastrointestinal tract which includes the esophagus, stomach, large and small intestine plus accessory organs, liver, gallbladder, and pancreas. Prepares food for use by the body cells and eliminates waste.
Musculoskeletal System
Composed of muscle, bones, and joints. Provides movement and framework for the body, protects vital organs such as the brain, stores calcium, and produces red blood cells.
Nervous System
Composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. Regulates body activities by sending and receiving messages.
Endocrine System
Composed of glands that secrete hormones. Hormones regulate many body activities.
Cranial Cavity
Space inside the skull (cranium) containing the brain
Spinal Cavity
Space inside the spinal column containing the spinal cord
Thoracic, or chest, cavity
Space containing the heart, aorta, lungs, esophagus, trachea, and bronchi
Abdominal cavity
space containing the stomach, intestines, kidneys, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, and ureters
Pelvic Cavity
space containing the urinary bladder, certain reproductive organs, parts of the small and large intestine, and the recrum
Abdominopelvic cavity
both the pelvic and abdominal cavities
aden/o
gland
cyt/o
cell
epitheli/o
epithelium
fibr/o
fiber
hist/o
tissue
kary/o
nucleus
lip/o
fat
my/o
muscle
neur/o
nerve
organ/o
organ
sarc/o
flesh, connective tissue
system/o
system
viscer/o
internal organs
Cancer/o
Cancer
eti/o
Cause (of disease)
gno/o
Knowledge
iatr/o
physician, medicine
lei/o
smooth
onc/o
tumor, mass
path/o
disease
rhabd/o
rod-shaped, striated
somat/o
body
-al, -ic, - ous
pertaining to
-cyte
cell
-gen
substance or agent that produces or causes
-genic
producing, originating, causing
-logist
one who studies and treats (specialist, physician)
-logy
study of
-oid
resembeling
-oma
tumor or swelling
-osis
abnormal condition (means increasing when used with blood word roots)
-pathy
disease
-plasia
condition of formation, development, growth
-plasm
growth, substance, formation
-sarcoma
malignant tumor
-sis
state of
-stasis
control, stop, standing
adenocarcinoma (ad-e-no-kar-si-NO-ma)
cancerous tumor of the glandular tissue
adenoma (ad-e-NO-ma)
tumor composed of glandular tissue (benign)
Carcinoma (kar-si-NO-ma)
Cancerous tumor (malignant)
Chloroma (klo-RO-ma)
tumor of green color
Epithilioma (ep-i-the-le-O-ma)
tumor composed of epithelium (may be benign or malignant)
fibroma
Tumor composed of fiber (fibirous tissue, benign)
fibrosarcoma (fi-bro-sar-KO-ma)
malignant tumor composed of fiber (fiberous tissue)
leiomyoma (li-o-mi-O-ma)
Tumor composed of smooth muscle (benign)
leiomyosarcoma (li-o-mi-o-sar-KO-ma)
Malignant tumor of smooth muscle
Lipoma (li-PO-ma)
Benign tumor of fat
Liposarcoma (Li-PO-sar-KO-ma)
Malignant tumor of fat
Melanocarcinoma (mel-a-no-kar-si-NO-ma
cancerous black tumor
melanoma
Black tumor (primarily of the skin)
myoma (mi-o-ma)
Tumor composed of muscle
neoplasm (NE-o-plazm)
new growth or abnormal tissue or tumor)
neuroma (nu-RO-ma)
Tumor composed of nerver (benign)
rhabdomyoma (rab-do-mi-o-sar-KO-ma)
Benign tumor composed of striated muscle
rhabdomyosarcoma (rab-do-mi-o-sar-KO-ma)
malignant tumor of striated muscle
sarcoma
highly malignant tumor of connective tissue (such as bone or cartilage)
cytogenic (si-to-Jen-ik)
producing cells
cytoid (SI-toid)
resembling a cell
cytology (si-TOL-o-je)
study of cells
cytoplasm (si-to-plazm)
cell substance
dysplasia (dis-PLA-zha)
abnormal development
epithelial
pertaining to the epithelium
erythrocyte (e-RITH-ro-sit)
red (blood) cell
erythrocytosis
incease in the red blood cells
histology
study of tissue
hyperplasia
(excessive development
hypoplasia (hi-po-PLA-zha)
incomplete development of an organ or tissue
karyocyte (Kar-e-o-sit)
cell with nucleus
karyoplasm (KAR-e-o-plasm)
substance of the nucleus
leukocyte (LU-ko-sit)
white (blood) cell
leukocytosis (lu-ko-si-TO-sis)
increase in the number of white blood cells
lipoid (LIP-oid)
Resembeling fat
myopathy (mi-OP-a-the)
disease of the muscle
neuroid (NU-royd)
resembeling nerve
somatic
pertaining to the body
somatogenic
origintain in the body (organic as opposed to psychologic)
somatopathy
disease of the body
somatoplasm
body substance
systemic
pertaining to a body system or the body as a whole)
visceral (VIS-er-al)
pertaining to the internal organs
diagnosis (Dx)
state of complete knowledge (indetifying a disease)
etiology
study of the cause of disease
iatrogenic (i-at-ro-JEN-ik)
produced by a physician
iatrology (i-at-TROL-o-je)
study of medicine
metastasis
beyond control (spread of disease from one organ to another, as in the transfer of malignant tumors)
neopathy
new disease
oncongenic (ong-ko-JEN-ik)
causing tumors
oncologist
a physican who studies and treat tumors
oncology
study of tumors
organic
pertaining to an organ
organoid
resembeling an organ
pathogenic
producing disease
pathologist
a physician who studies diseases
pathology
study of disease
prognosis
state of before knowledge
xanthochromic (zan-tho-KRO-mik)
pertaining to yellow color
xanthosis (zan-THO-sis)
abnormal condition of yellow (discoloration)
-a
singular ending
-ax
singular ending
-is
singular ending
-ix
singular ending
-ma
singular ending
-on
singular ending
-sis
singular ending
-um
singular ending
-us
singular ending
-nx
singular ending
-y
singular ending
-ae
Plural ending
-aces
Plural ending
-es
Plural ending
-ices
Plural ending
-mata
Plural ending
-a
Plural ending
-ses
Plural ending
-i
Plural ending
-nges
Plural ending
-ies
Plural ending
CA
carcinoma
Chemo
Chemotherapy
DX
diagnosis
mets
metastasis
Px
prognosis
RBC
Red Blood Cell
XRT
radiation Therapy
WBC
white blood cell count
