Respiratory System Flashcards
adenoiditis
inflammation of the adenoids
alveolitis
inflammation of the alveolus
atelectasis
incomplete expansion of the lung or portion of the lung
bronchiectasis
dilation of the bronchi
bronchitis
inflammation of the bronchi
bronchogenic carcinoma
cancerous tumor originating in a bronchus
bronchopneumonia
diseased state of the bronchi and lungs (normally caused by infection)
diaphragmatocele (di-a-frag-MAT-o-sel)
Hernia of the diaphragm
Epiglottitis
inflammation of the epiglottis
hemothorax
blood in the chest (pleural space)
laryngitis
inflammation of the larynx
laryngotracheobronchitis (LTB) la-ring-go-tra-ke-o-bron-KI-tos
inflammation of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi (the acute form is called croup)
lobar pneumonia
pertianing to the lobes, diseased state of the lung
nasopharyngitis
inflammation of the nose and pharynx
pansinusitis
inflammation of the sinus
pharyngitis
inflammation of the pharynx
pleuritis
inflammation of the pleura
pneumatocele
hernia of the lung
pneumoconiosis
abnormal condition of dust in the lungs
pneumonia
diseased state of the lung
pneumonitis
inflammation of the lung
pneumothorax
air in the chest (pleural space), which causes collapse of the lung
pulmonary neoplasm
pertaining to the lung, new growth (tumor)
pyothorax
pus in the chest
rhinitis
inflammation of the nose
rhinomycosis
abnormal condition of fungus in the nose
rhinorrhagia
rapid flow of blood from the nose
thoracalgia
pain in the chest
tonsillitis
inflammation of the tonsils
tracheitis
inflammation of the trachea
tracheostenosis
narrowing of the trachea
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
respiratory failure as a result of disease or injury
asthma
respiratory disease chracterized by paroxysms of coughing, wheezing, and shortness of breath, which is caused by constriction of airways that is reversible between attacks
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
a progressive lung disease that resticts the air flow, which makes breathing difficult. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema are the two main compnents of COPD
coccidiodomycosis
fungal disease affecting the lungs and sometimes other organs of the body
cor pulmonale
serious cardiac disease associated with chronic lung disorders, such as emphysema
croup
condition resulting from acute obstruction of the larynx
cystic fibrosis
hereditary disorder of exocrine glands characterized by excess mucus production in the respiratory tract pancreatic deficiency, and other symptoms
deviated septum
one part of the nasal cavity is smalller because of malformation or injury of the nasal cavity
emphysema
stretching of the lung tissuecaused by the alveoli becoming distended and losing elasticity
epistaxis
nosebleed
influenza
highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a virus
legionnaire disease
a lobar pneumonia caused by the bacterium legionella pneuophila
Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA)
repetitive pharyngeal collapse during sleep, which leads to absenceof breathing; can produce daytime drowsiness and elevated blood pressure
Pertussis
Highly contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract characterized by an acute crowing inspiration, or whoop (also called whooping cough)
pleural effusion
fluid in the pleural space caused by a disease process or trauma
pulmonary edema
fluid accumulation in the alveoli and bronchioles
pulmonary embolism (PE)
matter forgein to the circulation, carried to the pulmonary artery and its branches, where it blocks circulation to the lungs and can be fatal if of sufficient size or number.
Tuberculosis
an infectious disease, caused by an acid-fast bacillus, most commonly spread by inhalation of small particles and usually affecting the lungs
upper respiratory infection (URI)
infection of the nasal cavity, pharynx, or larynx (commonly called a cold)
Adenoidectomy
excision of the adenoids
adenotome
surgical instrument used to cut the adenoids
bronchoplasty
surgical repair of a bronchus
laryngectomy
excision of the larynx
laryngoplasty
surgical repair of the larynx
laryngostomy
creation of an artifical opening into the larynx
laryngotracheotomy
incision of the larynx and trachea
lobectomy
excision of a lobe (of the lung)
pleuropexy
surgical fixation of the pleura
pneumobronchotomy
incision of lung and bronchus
pneumonectomy
excision of a lung
rhinoplasty
surgical repair of the nose
septoplasty
incision into the nasal septum
sinusotomy
incision of a sinus
thoracocentesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid from the chest cavity
thoracotomy
incision in the chest cavity
tonsillectomy
excision of the tonsils
tracheoplasty
surgical repair of the trachea
tracheostomy
creation of an artifical opening into the trachea
tracheotomy
incision of the trachea
bronchoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the bronchi
bronchoscopy
visual examination of the bronchi
endoscope
instrument used for visual examination within
endoscopic
pertaining to visual examination within
endoscopy
visual examination within
laryngoscope
instrument used for visual examination of the larynx
laryngoscopy
visual examination of the larynx
capnometer
instrument used to measure carbon dioxide
oximeter
instrument used to measure oxygen
spirometer
instrument used to measure breathing (or lung volume)
spriometry
a measurement of breathing (lung volume)
polysomnography (PSG)
process of recording many tests during sleep
chest computed tomography (CT) scan
computerized images of the chest created in sections sliced from front to back. Performed to diagnose tumors, abscesses, and pleural effusion. Computed tomography is used to visualize other body parts such as the abdomen and the brain.
Chest radiograph (CXR)
a radiographic image of the chest performed to evaluate the lungs and the heart (also called a chest x-ray)
ventilation-perfusion scanning (VPS)
a nuclear medicine precedure performed to diagnose a pulmonary embolism and other conditions
acid-fast bacilli (AFB) smear
a test performed on septum to determine the presence of acid-fast bacilli, which cause tuberculosis
arterial blood gases (ABGs)
a test performed on arterial blood to determine levels of oxygen, carbon dioxide, and other gases present
peak flow meter (PFM)
a portable instrument used to measure how fast air can be pushed out the lung; used to help monitor asthma and adjust medication accordingly
pulmonary function test (PFTs)
a group of tests performed to measure breathing and used to determing respiratory function
pulse oximetry
a noninvasive method of measuring oxygen in the blood by using a device that attaches to the finertip
auscultation
the act of listening for sounds within the body through a stethoscope.
percussion
the act of tapping of a body surface with the fingers to determine the density of te part beneath by the sound obtained. The dull sound indicates the presence of fluid in a body space or cavity such as in the pleural space
PPD (purified protein derivative) skin test
a test performed on individuals who have recently been exposed to tuberculosis.
stethoscope
an instrument used to hear internal body sounds; used for performing auscultation and blood pressure measurement
acapnia
condition of absence (less than normal level) of carbon dioxide (in the blood)
alveolar
pertaining to the alveolus
anoxia
condition of the absence (deficiency) of oxygen
aphonia
condition of absence of voice
apnea
absence of breathing
bronchoalveolar
pertaining to the bronchi and alveoli
bronchospasm
spasmodic contraction in the bronchi
diaphragmatic
pertaining to the diaphragm
dysphonia
condition of difficult speaking (voice)
dyspnea
difficult breathing
endotracheal
pertaining to within the trachea
eupnea
normal breathing
hypercapnia
condition of excess carbon dioxide (in the blood)
hypernea
exessive breathing
hypocapnia
condition of deficient carbon dioxide (in the blood)
hyponea
deficient breathing
hypoxemia
condition of deficient oxygen in the blood
hypoxia
condition of deficient oxyen (to the tissue)
intrapleural
pertaining to within the pleura (space between the two pleural membranes)
laryngeal
pertaining to the larynx
laryngospasm
spasmodic contraction of the larynx
mucoid
resembling mucus
mucous
pertaining to mucus
nasopharyngeal
pertaining to the nose and pharynx
orthopnea
able to breathe easier in a straight (upright) position
phrenalgia
pain in the diaphragm
phrenospasm
spasm of the diaphragm
pulmonary
pertaining to the lungs
pulmonologist
a physician who studies and treats diseases of the lung
pulmnology
study of the lung (a branch of medicine dealing with diseases of the lung)
rhinorrhea
discharge from the nose (as in a cold)
tachypnea
rapid breathing
thoracic
pertaining to the chest
airway
passageway by which air enters and leaves the lungs as well as a mechanical device used to keep the air passageway unobstructed
asphyxia
deprivation of oxygen for tissue usel suffocation
aspirate
to withdraw fluid or suction fluid; also to draw foreign material into the respiratory tract
bronchoconstrictor
agent causing narrowing of the bronchi
bronchodilator
agent causing the bronchi to widen
cough
sudden, noisy expulsion of air from the lungs
hiccup
sudden catching of breath with a spasmodic contraction of the diaphragm
hyperventilation
ventilation of the lungs beyond normal body needs
hypoventilation
ventilation of the lungs that does not fullfill the body’s gas exchange needs
mucopurulent
containing both mucus and pus
mucus
slimy fluid secreted by the mucous membranes
nebulizer
device that creates a mist used to deliver medication for giving respiratory treatment
nosocomial infection
an infection acquired during hospitalization
paroxysm
periodic, sudden attack
patent
open, the opposite of closed or compromised, thus allowing passage of air, as in patent trachea and bronchi
sputum
muccous secretion from the lungs, bronchi, and trachea expelled through the mouth
ventilator
mechanical device used to assist with or substitute for breathing
ABGs
arterial blood gases
AFB
acid-fast bacilli
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrome
CF
cystic fibrosis
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
CT
computed tomography
CXR
chest radiograph
flu
influenza
LLL
left lower lobe
LTB
Laryngotracheobronchitis
LUL
Left Upper Lobe
OSA
obstructive sleep disorder
PE
pulmonary embolism
PFM
peak flow meter
PFTs
pulmonary function test
PSG
polysomnography
RLL
Right Lower Lobe
RML
Right Middle Lobe
RUL
Right Upper Lobe
SOB
shortness of breath
TB
tuberculosis
URI
Upper respiratory infection
VPS
ventilation-perfussion scanning
Lungs
two spongelike organs in the thoracic cavity. The right lung consists of three lobes and the left lung has two.
Pleura
Double folded serous membrane covering each lung and lining the thoracic cavity with a small spave between, called the pleural cavity, which contains serous fluid.
Diaphragm
muscular partition that seperates the thoracic cavity from the abdominal cavity. It aids in the breathing process by contracting and pulling air in, then relaxing and pushing air out.
Mediastinum
space between te lungs. It contains the heart, esophagus, trachea, great blood vessels, and other structures.
Adenoid/o
Adenoids
alveol/o
alveolus
bronchi/o, bronch/o
bronchus
diaphragmat/o, phren/o
diaphragm
epiglott/o
epiglottis
laryng/o
larynx
lob/o
lobe
nas/o, rhin/o
nose
pharyng/o
pharynx
pleur/o
pleura
pneum/o, pneumat/o, pneumon/o
lung, air
pulmon/o
lung
sept/o
septum (wall off, fence)
sinus/o
sinus
thorac/o
thorax (chest)
tonsill/o
tonsil
atel/o
imperfect, incomplete
capn/o
carbon dioxide
hem/o, hemat/o
blood
muc/o
mucus
orth/o
straight
ox/i, ox/o
oxygen
phon/o
sound, voice
py/o
pus
somn/o
sleep
spir/o
breathe, breathing
a-, an-
absence of, without
endo-
within
eu-
normal, good
pan-
all, total
poly-
many, much
tachy-
fast, rapid
-algia
pain
-ar, -ary, -eal
pertaining to
-cele
hernia or protrusion
-centesis
surgical puncture to aspirate fluid (with a sterile needle)
-ectasis
stretching out, dilatation, expansion
-emia
blood condition
-graphy
process of recording, radiographic
-meter
insturment used to measure
-metry
measurement
-pexy
surgical fixation, suspension
-pnea
breathing
-rrhagia
rapid flow of blood
-scope
insturment used for visual examination
-scopic
pertianing to visual examination
-scopy
visual examination
-spasm
sudden, involuntary muscle contraction
-stenosis
constriction or narrowing
-stomy
creation of an artifical opening
-thorax
chest
-tomy
cut into or incision