Urinary System

Question 0

What is the functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 0

Nephron

Question 1

What is the function of the urinary system?

Answer 1

pH, fluid, electrolyte regulation

Liquid waste elimination

Question 2

What connects the kidneys to the urinary bladder?

Answer 2

Ureters

Question 3

What stores urine?

Answer 3

Urinary bladder

Question 4

When leaving the bladder, what does urine go through?

Answer 4

Urethra

Question 5

The ion balance and excretion is accomplished by a _______________ mechanism in the nephron.

Answer 5

Countercurrent

Question 6

Blood is filtered at the __________ ________ such that particles smaller than ______ molecular weight pass into tubule system, most of which will be selectively reabsorbed in the convoluted tubules.

Answer 6

Glomerular capsule

70,000

Question 7

The distal wall of Henle’s loop (ascending limb) then actively transports ____ ions (Na+ follows passively) out of the tube and into the surrounding _________ (peritubular) fluid.

Answer 7

Cl-

Interstitial

Question 8

The relatively high _____ concentration draws water out of the tube (esp collecting ducts), thereby ______ the concentration of urine left behind.

Answer 8

Salt

Increasing

Question 9

The salt ions are then transported back into the descending limb of the loop, thus _______ the urine dehydrating/concentrating power of the loop.

Answer 9

Multiplying

Question 10

The countercurrent term identifies that descending limb fluid is flowing in a direction _______ that in the ascending limb, which allows for the recycling of _______.

Answer 10

Opposite

Ions

Question 11

Countercurrent multiplier mechanism allows for urine to be concentrated up to ______ times normal plasma levels

Answer 11

Ten

Question 12

Blood goes out to the ______ and then down into the ______ to be filtered

Answer 12

Cortex

Medulla

Question 13

Kidneys produce what 2 chemicals?

Answer 13

Erythropoieten and renin

Question 14

What effect does aldosterone have on the kidneys?

Answer 14

Retains sodium

Question 15

How does blood get into glomerular capsule?

Answer 15

Capillary have holes in them that “bleed” - comes in at a high blood pressure

Question 16

Only the _______ actually makes it through glomerular capsule

Answer 16

Plasma (at 300 mOsm)

Question 17

The farther down the descending limb, the ______ the concentration.

Answer 17

Higher

Question 18

The ascending limb is ____________ (water cannot leave/enter)

Answer 18

Impermeable

Question 19

ADH causes ________ loss in distal convoluted tubule

Answer 19

Water

Question 20

Alcohol stops what from working, causing water to remain in the distal convoluted tube?

Answer 20

ADH

Question 21

What are the glands above the kidneys called?

Answer 21

Adrenal glands

Question 22

Name #7

Answer 22

Inferior vena cava

Question 23

Name #8

Answer 23

Abdominal aorta

Question 24

Name #9 and #10

Answer 24

Iliac artery and vein

Question 25

Name #11 and #13

Answer 25

Right renal vein and artery

Question 26

Name #12 and #14

Answer 26

Left renal vein and artery

Question 27

Name #18

Answer 27

Psoas major muscle

Question 28

Name #23

Answer 28

Fibrous outside capsule

Question 29

Name #25

Answer 29

Major calyx

Question 30

Name #26

Answer 30

Minor calyces

Question 31

Name #27

Answer 31

Sieve-like papillae

Question 32

Name #29

Answer 32

Renal pyramid

Question 33

Name #30

Answer 33

Papilla of the pyramid

Question 34

Name #31

Answer 34

Arcuate arteries

Question 35

Name #33

Answer 35

Bowman’s capsule

Question 36

Name #34

Answer 36

Glomerulus

Question 37

Name #37

Answer 37

Proximal convoluted tubule

Question 38

Name #38

Answer 38

Descending limb

Question 39

Name #39

Answer 39

Ascending limb

Question 40

Name #40

Answer 40

Loop of Henle

Question 41

Name #41

Answer 41

Distal convoluted tubule

Question 42

Name #42

Answer 42

Collecting tubule

Question 43

Name #43

Answer 43

Capillary bed