Digestive System Flashcards
What is the pH of the stomach?
2, acidic
What two structures move the food down into the stomach?
Pharynx and esophagus
What breaks down protein?
Pepsin
Why does the stomach have to be so acidic?
Pepsin only works in an acidic environment
What is the food in our stomach called?
Chyme
What causes the “squeeze-out” motion of our stomach?
What are these called?
Muscles that run at different angles
Longitudinal
Circular
Oblique
A very thick mucus is made from the top of the stomach.
What does it do?
What does it contain?
Protects stomach
Bicarbonate
What are the 2 salivary glands of the mouth? Where are they located?
Parotid gland - top
Submandibular - bottom
Name the organs of the digestive system in order from esophagus to rectum.
Esophagus Stomach Duodenum Jejunum Ileum Ileocecal valve Cecum Ascending colon Right colic flexure Transverse colon Left colic flexure Descending colon Sigmoid colon Rectum
Food passes through what to get from the stomach to the small intestine?
Pyloric valve
What 2 accessory organs dump into the small intestine? What do they dump?
Pancreas - pancreatic fluids
Gallbladder - bile
What do the pancreatic juices and bile do to the small intestine’s environment?
Changes it from acid to alkaline
The small intestine is divided into 3 parts:
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
What separates the small intestine from the large intestine? (Technically the ileum from the cecum)
Ileocecal valve
What is attached to the cecum?
Vermiform appendix
The large intestine is subdivided into 4 parts:
Ascending
Transverse
Descending
Sigmoid
What does the large intestine terminate with? What does that terminate with?
Rectum
Anus
Name 3 functions of the large intestine.
Dehydrate digested material
Recover water, minerals, and vitamins formed by microbial flora
Compact material for elimination
Name the 4 accessory organs.
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Salivary glands
What is bile and why is it added?
Bile is an emulsifier that breaks down fat. It is added so that lipase/amylase can work.
Carbohydrates and protein are absorbed by what?
Villi
Fat is absorbed by what?
Lacteals
What aids the large intestine in breaking things down to get extra vitamins and minerals?
Bacteria
What does the cystic duct come from and go to?
Comes from gallbladder, goes to common bile duct
What does the hepatic duct come from and go to?
Comes from liver, goes to common bile duct
Where does the common bile duct dump into?
Duodenum - 1st section of small intestine
What is the folded mucus membrane of stomach called?
Rugae
What is the part of a fold in the interior wall of the intestine called?
Plica
Name #11
Duodenum
Name #18
Right colic (hepatic) flexure
Name #28
Oblique muscle layer of stomach
Name #31
Pyloric Sphincter (muscle)
Name #13
Jejunum
Name #14
Ileum
Name #15
Ileocecal valve
Name #16
Cecum
Name #24
Vermiform Appendix
Name #25
Fundus of stomach
Name #29
Tunica serosa
Name #35
Plica
Name #36 (red and blue)
Vascular network
Name #37 (green)
Intestinal lymphatic drainage
Name #38
Villi
Name #39
Villus of small intestine
Name #40, #41, #42
Lymphatic vessel
Arteriole
Venule
Name #43
Capillary network
Name #44
Goblet cells
