Menstrual Cycle Flashcards
The uterine cycle (menstrual cycle) involves changes that are occurring in the:
Uterus
The female reproductive cycle includes the events that occur over an average ___-day time period as a result of the _________ & ________ cycles
28
Ovarian & Uterine
Days 1-5
Known as “menses” (menstrual bleeding)
First day of bleeding is
Day 1 of menstrual cycle
________ is associated with blood flow that results from the rupture of the endometrial capillaries and sloughing of the tissue.
Menses
Days 6-13
“Proliferative” phase - period of rapid growth of endometrium in preparation for implantation of embryo
Days 14-28
“Secretory” phase - endometrial glands enlarge and increase secretion, arteries grow into endometrium
Begins at ovulation
If there is implantation of a fertilized ovum, what will develop?
Placenta
If there is no implantation by day 28, what begins?
The breakdown of the endometrium
Ovarian cycle consists of what 2 phases?
Follicular & Luteal
Follicular and luteal phase involves changes that occur in the _____ over the 28-day reproductive cycle
Ovaries
The follicular or preovulatory phase extends from ________ to _________.
Menstruation (day 1)
Ovulation (day 14)
Follicular phase includes the development of the ______ and _______ and corresponds to menses/proliferative phase of uterine cycle.
Ovum & follicle
Events that occur during follicular phase: (3)
Activation of primordial or primary follicles then to a mature (graafian) follicle
Follicular cells enlarge and create granulosa cells around primary oocyte
Eggs develop within follicles from primary oocytes to secondary oocytes, which are ovulated
Which oocytes are ovulated: primary or secondary?
Secondary
What are granulosa cells?
Cell layers around primary oocyte
Secrete fluid and estradiol
When do you get all of your egg cells?
At birth
Ovulation occurs on day:
14
After ovulation, the ovum is viable for:
12-24 hours
The luteal or postovulatory phase extends from days 15-28, just after __________ to the onset of _________
Ovulation
Menstration
The luteal phase corresponds to the _________ phase of the uterine cycle
Secretory
Luteal phase involves the transformation of the ruptured:
Follicle
Events during luteal phase (3):
After releasing ovum, follicle becomes corpus luteum (yellow body)
Corpus luteum grows and secretes estradiol and progesterone (tenfold increase)
If no prego, corpus luteum shrinks (day 22) and becomes scar tissue of corpus albicans (white body) by day 26
1
Ovary
2 & 3
Developing oocytes and follicles
Developing vesicular follicle
Collectively the “follicular phase”
FSH
4
Ovulation
LH
5
Mature corpus luteum
6
Fallopian tube
7
Fallopian tube - longitudinal section
8
Fimbriated end of fallopian tube
9
Ovarian ligament
Connects to uterus
10
Epoophoron or parovarium
Vestigial and non-functioning
11
Mesosalpinx portion of broad ligament
12
Broad ligament
13
Ovum moving into fallopian tube 1 day after ovulation
14
Ovum moving toward uterus 2 days after ovulation
15
Ovum nearing uterus 3 days after ovulation
16
Fertilized ovum within uterus 4-7 days after ovulation
17
Fertilized ovum implanting in uterine lining after 7 days after ovulation
18
Suspensory ligament of ovary
Ovarian artery/vein
19
Corpus (body) of uterus
20
Fundus of uterus
21
Cervix or neck of uterus
22
Interior wall of vagina
23
Myometrium
Muscular wall of uterus
24
Endometrium
Lining of uterus
25
Menstruation of endometrium
26
Sacro-uterine ligament
A
Primary oocyte or ripening egg
B
Oocyte with corona radiata
C
Developing, fluid-filled vesicular follicle
D
Mature ovum or gamete after rupture of follicle
E
Ovulating follicle showing ruptured stigma
F
Corpus luteum or “yellow body”
G
Corpus albicans or “white body”
