Urinary System Flashcards
In the embryo, the ________ __________ develops into vital parts of the urogenital system (kidneys, gonads & respective tracts)
intermediate mesoderm
The 3 stages of development of the urinary system are:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XQTzvTR1AlY (5 min video)
- pronephros
- mesonephro
- metanephros
What happens during pronephros phase?
1st stage of development of the urinary system. It degenerates early in development.
What happens during mesonephros phase?
An interim kidney develops for early embryo, then develops into the mesonephric duct which later becomes the male urinary system
What happens during the metanephros phase?
This becomes the permanent kidney
Which stage of embryonic kidney development disappears completely?
pronephros
What stage of embryonic kidney development becomes the nephron?
metanephros
How are things eliminated by the embryo into the amniotic fluid?
from the cloaca
What is the smallest functional unit of
the kidney?
the completed nephron
What does the nephron consist of?
1) renal corpuscle (with
glomerulus)
2) a proximal tubule
3) the loop of Henle
4) a distal tubule connected to the collecting duct
Mammalian kidneys are _____________, and each is enclosed by a thick connective tissue capsule.
retroperitoneal
Anatomic variation among animal species, like externally they can be a single uniform organ or have distinct lobation;
while internally they can be ___________ or ___________.
unipyramidal (no external lobes)
or
multipyramidal (some have external lobes and some do not)
Which animal species are unipyramidal?
dogs, cats, horses, small ruminants
Which animal species are multipyramidal with external lobes?
cattle
Which animal species are multipyramidal but does not have external lobes?
pigs and humans
The ______ and ______ form the renal parenchyma. Describe each.
cortex: outer layer of the kidney that contains glomeruli, which are responsible for filtering waste
medulla:The inner layer of the kidney that contains tubules, which collect and concentrate urine.
If you slice the kidney lengthwise, it can be divided into the 4 parts.
1) cortex
2) medulla,
3) renal papilla
4) renal pelvis
Where do the blood vessels and nerves enter the kidney?
hilum or hilus (along the concave border)
What does the renal pelvis do?
Collects the urine to funnel into the ureter
When the renal arteries enter the kidney, they are called what? They form the microvascular blood supply.
interlobar arteries
What is the glomerulus?
complex web of capillaries derived from the afferent arteriole
What does afferent and efferent mean?
afferent - towards
efferent - away
Where is the glomerulus located?
in the cortex of the kidney
When interlobar arteries enter the glomerular capillaries, they enter as ______ arterioles and exit as ______ arterioles. They do NOT exit as _________.
afferent ; efferent ; venules or veins
