Urinary System

Question 1

produces, stores and eliminates urine, the fluid waste excreted by the kidneys.

Answer 1

urinary system

Question 2

urinary system, also known as the

Answer 2

renal system

Question 3

make urine by filtering wastes and extra water from blood.

Answer 3

kidneys

Question 4

is susceptible to a variety of infections problems, and other including blockages and injuries.

Answer 4

urinary system

Question 5

pair of purplish-brown organs is located below the ribs toward the middle of the back.

Answer 5

TWO KIDNEYS

Question 6

Function of Kidneys

Answer 6

Their function is to:
1.Remove waste products and medicines from the body
2. Balance the body’s fluids
3. Balance a variety of electrolytes
4. Release hormones to control blood pressure
5. Release a hormone to control red blood cell production
6. Help with bone health by controlling calcium and phosphorus

Question 7

nephron consists of a ball formed of small blood capillaries

Answer 7

glomerulus

Question 8

nephron that consist of small tube

Answer 8

renal tubule

Question 9

this together with water and other waste substances, forms the urine as it passes through the nephrons and down the renal tubules of the kidney.

Answer 9

Urea

Question 10

narrow tubes carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
Muscles in the ureter walls keep tightening and relaxing. This forces urine downward, away from the kidneys.

Answer 10

URETERS

Question 11

small amounts of urine are emptied into the bladder from the ureters in about

Answer 11

every 10 to 15 seconds

Question 12

triangle-shaped, hollow organ is located in the lower belly. It is held in place by ligaments that are attached to other organs and the pelvic bones. The bladder’s walls relax and expand to store urine.
-They contract and flattento empty urine through the urethra.

Answer 12

BLADDER

Question 13

typical healthy adult bladder can store up to

Answer 13

2 cups of urine for 2 to 5 hours.

Question 14

circular muscles help keep urine from leaking by closing tightly like a rubber band around the opening of the bladder.

Answer 14

TWO SPHINCTER MUSCLES

Question 15

nerves alert a person when it is time to urinate or empty the bladder.

Answer 15

NERVES IN THE BLADDER

Question 16

tube allows urine to pass outside the body.

The brain signals the bladder muscles to tighten.

This squeezes urine out of the bladder. At the same time, the brain signals the sphincter muscles to relax to let urine exit the bladder through the urethra. When all the signals happen in the correct order, normal urination happens

Answer 16

URETHRA

Question 17

darker, brownish color may mean

Answer 17

liver problem or
severe dehydration

Question 18

Darker yellow or honey-colored urine often means

Answer 18

need
more water.

Question 19

pale straw or clear yellow color means

Answer 19

Normal, healthy urine

Question 20

Pinkish or red urine may mean

Answer 20

blood in the urine

Question 21

NUMBER AND SIZE ANOMALIES OF THE KIDNEY

Answer 21

1. RENAL AGENESIS
2. SUPERNUMERARY KIDNEY
3. RENAL HYPOPLASIA

Question 22

relatively rare anomaly that demonstrates as the absence of the kidney on one side with an unusually large kidney on the other side, which is known COMPENSATORY HYPERTROPHY.

Answer 22

RENAL AGENESIS

Question 23

Also a relatively rare and it consists of the presence of a third small, rudimentary kidney.
* It has no parenchymal attachment to a kidney and it often becomes symptomatic as a result of an infection

Answer 23

SUPERNURMERARY KIDNEY

Question 24

A rare anomaly of kidney size involving a kidney that is developed less than normal.
* It is usually associated with hyperplasia of the other kidney, an overdeveloped kidney that associated is with often renal agenesis pr hypoplasia of the other kidney

Answer 24

RENAL HYPOPLASIA

Question 25

A condition which the lower poles of the kidneys are joined across midline by a band of soft tissues, causing a rotation on one or both sides

Answer 25

HORSESHOE KIDNEY

Question 26

FUSION ANOMALIES OF THE KIDNEY

Answer 26

HORSESHOE KIDNEY

Question 27

consists of incomplete or excessive rotation of the kidney as they ascend from the pelvis in utero

Answer 27

MALROTATION

Question 28

POSITION ANOMALIES OF THE KIDNEY

Answer 28

MALROTATION ECTOPIC KIDNEY

Question 29

one that is out of its normal position, usually lower than the normal. Such kidneys are often in a pelvic or sacral location.

Answer 29

ECTOPIC KIDNEY-

Question 30

These are frequent and they can be unilateral or bilateral.
This condition impairs renal drainage, predisposing the patient to infection, formation of calculi.

Answer 30

DOUBLE RENAL PELVIS AND DOUBLE URETER

Question 31

Cyst-like dilations of a ureter near its opening into the bladder and usually result from stenosis of the ureteral orifice.
Radiographically, presents a filling detect in the bladder with a characteristic “cobra head” appearance.
This cause obstruction
and kidney infection and the treatment involves surgical removal to allow for increased flow of urine into the bladder.

Answer 31

URETEROCELES

Question 32

LOWER TRACT ANOMALIES

Answer 32

URETEROCELES
URETHRAL DIVERTICULA
BLADDER DIVERTICULA

Question 33

A congenital anomaly representing a dilated, branched ureteric remnant and is best demonstrated by retrograde urography.

Answer 33

URETHRAL DIVERTICULA

Question 34

May occur as a congenital anomaly or be caused by chronic bladder obstruction and resultan tinfection occurring in middle aged men.

Answer 34

BLADDER DIVERTICULA

Question 35

THE URINARY SYSTEM:
INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

Answer 35

1.PYELONEPHRITIS
2.GLOMERULONEPHRITIS
3.CYSTITIS

Question 36

A bacterial infection of the calyces and renal pelvis and thought to represent the most common renal disease
Common among women than men due to their increases incidence of reflux from the bladder.
Acute condition occurs to pregnant women due to increase size of the uterus that compresses the ureter and decreases urine clearance of bacteria.

Answer 36

PYELONEPHRITIS

Question 37

An antigen antibody reaction in the glomeruli causing inflammation of the renal parenchyma.
* Radiographically, the kidneys appear larger because oof edematous accumulation

Answer 37

GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Question 38

• Inflammation of the bladder, fairly common infection caused by a bacteria.
• Cystography demonstrate may the presence of reflux as well as a roughening of the normally smooth bladder wall referred to as bladder trabeculae

Answer 38

CYSTITIS

Question 39

THE URINARY SYSTEM:
DEGENERATIVE/METABOLIC DISEASE

Answer 39

1.NEPHROSCLEROSIS
2.NEPHROCALCINOSIS
3.RENAL FAILURE
4.HYDRONEPHROSIS

Question 40

It is thickening the intimal of predominantly the small vessels of the kidney.
* Occur as part of the normal aging process as well as in younger patients in association with hypertension and diabetes

Answer 40

NEPHROSCLEROSIS

Question 41

Disturbances of calcium metabolism (hyperthyroidism) that results in such condition characterized by deposits of tiny calcium dispersed throughout the renal parenchyma

Answer 41

NEPHROCALCINOSIS

Question 42

• It represents the end result of a chronic process that gradually results in lost kidney function

Answer 42

RENAL FAILURE

Question 43

is characteristics renal failure a of and consist of retention of urea in blood

Answer 43

Uremia

Question 44

• An obstructive disease that causes a dilation of the renal pelvis and calyces with urine.
• The most common cause is calculus, however it can also occur as a congenital defect or blockage of the system by a tumor, structure, blood clot or inflammation

Answer 44

HYDRONEPHROSIS

Question 45

THE URINARY SYSTEM:
NEOPLASTIC DISEASE

Answer 45

1.RENAL CYST
2.RENAL CELL CARCINOMA
3.NEPHROBLASTOMA
4.BLADDER CARCINOMA

Question 46

• An acquired disease abnormally common in adults and are usually asymptomatic and not an impairment to renal function, but may cause symptoms from rupture, hemorrhage, infection obstruction.

Answer 46

RENAL CYST

Question 47

• Most common malignant tumor of the kidney referred adenocarcinoma (hypernephroma) as
• Etiology is unknown but chronic inflammation as from obstruction, cigarette smoking and other contribute agents to development

Answer 47

RENAL CELL CARCINOMA

Question 48

• Also known as Wilm’s tumor, a malignant tumor commonly encountered by children.
• Children with this disease present a large, palpable abdominal mass, showing an enlarged kidney on a urographic examination.

Answer 48

NEPHROBLASTOMA

Question 49

Cancer of the bladder is common in men than in women after 50 years of age

Answer 49

BLADDER CARCINOMA

Question 50

is a chief symptom and cystoscopy followed by a urogram is the method of choice for investigating carcinoma
It is related to the following causes:
* Cigarette smoking
* Industrial chemical
* A link to excessive coffee drinking is being investigate

Answer 50

Hematuria