Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiologic Pathology > Lesson 1: Introduction to Pathology > Flashcards

Lesson 1: Introduction to Pathology Flashcards

1
Q

The study of structural and functional manifestations of disease

A

PATHOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

The study of disease that can cause abnormalities in the structure or
function of various organ systems.

A

PATHOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Study of various pathologic conditions and its effect on radiologic
procedures, techniques and overall radiographic image.

A

RADIOLOGIC PATHOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A disease is a particular abnormal condition that
negatively affects the structure or function of all or part of an
organism, and that is not due to any immediate external injury.
Diseases are often known to be medical conditions that are
associated with specific symptoms and signs.

A

DISEASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The sequence of events producing cellular changes
that ultimately lead to observable changes.

A

PATHOGENESIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Observable changes resulting from cellular changes in
the disease process.

A

MANIFESTATIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Is any objective evidence of a disease that can be
observed by others (for example a skin rash or lump)

A

SIGN

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Is subjective, that is, apparent only to the patient (for
example back pain or fatigue)

A

SYMPTOM

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Means there are no symptoms

A

ASYMPTOMATIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

A group of sign and symptoms that characterizes a specific
abnormal disturbance.

A

SYNDROME

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

The study of the cause of a disease

A

ETIOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which has been acquired while the patient is in hospital.

A

NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Those adverse responses that occur from medical treatment
itself.

A

IATROGENIC REACTIONS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe disease of unknown cause.

A

IDIOPATHIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Usually have a quick onset and last a short period of
time.

A

ACUTE DISEASES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Present more slowly and last a very long time.

A

CHRONIC DISEASES

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Determination of the diseases than an individual has.

A

DIAGNOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

The prediction of the course and outcome of the
disease

A

PROGNOSIS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The investigation of disease in large group

A

EPIDEMIOLOGY

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The number of cases found in a given population

A

PREVALANCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

The number of new cases found in given population

A

INCIDENCE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Disease of high prevalence in an area where a given causative organism

A

ENDEMIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

A disease which simultaneously affects large numbers of people in a
community

A

EPIDEMIC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The rate of deaths caused by a particular disease averaged over a
population

A

MORTALITY RATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

The incidence of sickness sufficient to interfere with an individual’s normal
daily routine

A

MORBIDITY RATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Ratio of sick to well persons in a given area

A

MORBIDITY RATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Ratio of actual deaths to expected death from a given disease

A

MORTALITY RATE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

A birth defect, also known as a _ disorder, is a condition present at birth
regardless of its cause. Birth defects may result in disabilities that may be physical,
intellectual, or developmental.

A

CONGENITAL DISEASE

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Common congenital disorders

A

• cleft lip and cleft palate
• cerebral palsy
• Fragile X syndrome
• Down syndrome
• spina bifida
• cystic fibrosis
• heart conditions

30
Q

Diseases that are present at birth and result from genetic or environmental factors

A

CONGENITAL DISEASE

31
Q

Most birth defects are caused by _ & _ factors
or a combination of the two (multifactoria

A

genetic or environmental

32
Q

caused by too few or too many
chromosomes, or problems in the structure of the
chromosomes, such as Down syndrome and extra copy of
chromosome 21 and sex chromosome abnormalities

A

Chromosomal defects

33
Q

Genetic or inherited causes

A
  1. Chromosomal defects
  2. Single gene defects
  3. Dominant inheritance
  4. Recessive inheritance
34
Q

caused by a combination of genes and environmental exposures.
In other words, a person can inherit a gene that
bincreases sensitivity to an environmental trigger.

Examples include cleft lip or palate, certain heart
defects, and neural tube defects.

A

Multifactorial birth defects

35
Q

can include a drug, alcohol
or a disease the mother has that can increase the
chance for the baby to be born with a birth defect.

A

environmental cause

36
Q

It is a disease or disorder that is inherited genetically. These diseases are transmitted in the same family. The chromosomes in the humans
are responsible for passing the traits from the parent to the offspring.

A

HEREDITARY DISEASE

37
Q

genetic abnormality present on the sex chromosome

A

SEX-LINKED

38
Q

genetic abnormality present on one of the other 22
chromosomes

A

AUTOSOMAL INHERITANCE

39
Q

Transmitted by a single gene from either parent

A

DOMINANT INHERITANCE-

40
Q

Transmitted by both parents to an offspring

A

RECESSIVE INHERITANCE-

41
Q

a
hereditary disease caused by
mutations in one of the genes that
encode the hemoglobin protein. Red
blood cells with the abnormal
hemoglobin protein take on a sickle
shape. The disease leads to
chronic anemia and significant
damage to the heart, lungs and
kidneys.

A

SICKLE CELL DISEASES

42
Q

is
caused by a gene mutation that
affects the cells that produce mucus,
sweat, and digestive juices. The
mucus becomes thick and sticky,
causing severe damage to the
respiratory, digestive and
reproductive systems.

A

CYSTIC FIBROSIS

43
Q

Tay-Sachs disease (TSD) is a fatal genetic disorder that
results in progressive destruction of the nervous system. It is
caused by gene defects that lead to the absence of a vital
enzyme called hexosaminidase-A (Hex-A).

A

TAY-SACHS

44
Q

Is a well-known hereditary disease in which proper
clotting is absent. Most common among males,
hemophilia is characterized by a deficiency in blood
clotting leading to abnormal bleeding.

A

HEMOPHILIA

45
Q

Is an inherited condition that comes on in mid-life. It
causes the progressive breakdown of nerve cells in the brain,
leading to a loss of brain and muscle function.

A

HUNTINGTON’S DISEASE

46
Q

defective genes interfere with
the production of proteins necessary for healthy muscle
development. Such symptoms as progressive muscle
weakness and loss of muscle mass often begin in childhood,
though the disease can affect all ages, and all races.

A

MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY

47
Q

• Results from the body’reaction to a localized injurious agent.
• Examples include allergy, asthma, autoimmune diseases,
coeliac disease, glomerulonephritis, hepatitis, inflammatory bowel
disease, preperfusion injury and transplant rejection.

A

INFLAMMATORY DISEASE

48
Q

Result from invasion by microorganisms such
as viruses, bacteria, or fungi

A

INFECTIVE DISEASE:

49
Q

Result from poisoning by biologic substances

A

TOXIC DISEASE

50
Q

An overreaction of the body’s own defenses

A

ALLERGIC DISEASE

51
Q

Caused by deterioration of the body. is the result of a continuous
process based on degenerative cell changes, affecting tissues or
organs, which will increasingly deteriorate over time. In
neurodegenerative diseases cells of the central nervous system stop
working or die via neurodegeneration.

• Although they are usually associated with the aging process, some
degenerative condition may exist in younger patients.

A

DEGENERATIVE DISEASES

52
Q

can be serious or life-threatening. It
depends on the type. Most of them have no cure. Treatments may help
improve symptoms, relieve pain, and increase mobility.

A

DEGENERATIVE NERV3 DISEASES

53
Q

THREE DISEASES COMMONLY ASSOCIATED WITH THE AGING
PROCESS:

A
  1. ATHEROSCLEROSIS
  2. OSTEOPOROSIS
  3. OSTEOARTHRITIS
54
Q

Any of the diseases or disorders that disrupt normal metabolism, the process of
converting food to energy on a cellular level. Thousands of enzymes participating
in numerous interdependent metabolic pathways carry out this process.

A

METABOLIC DISEASE

55
Q

is the sum of all physical and chemical processes in the body.

A

METABOLISM:

56
Q

may consist of hypersecretion, causing an overactivity
of the target organ or insufficient secretion, resulting in underactivity.

A

ENDOCRINE DISORDERS

57
Q

the most common disturbance of fluid balance.

A

DEHYDRATION

58
Q

May result from mechanical forces such as crushing or twisting
of a body part.
• In addition, disorders resulting in fractures. It may also injure
soft tissues.
___ injuries may injure soft tissues even if
the skin is not broken.

A

TRAUMATIC DISEASES

59
Q

bleeding into the tissue spaces as a
result of capillary rupture.

A

BRUISE OR CONTUSION

60
Q

an injury of soft parts associated with rupture of the
skin.

A

WOUND

61
Q

Are conditions that cause tumor growth: both benign and malignant.

A

NEOPLASTIC DISEASE

62
Q

are noncancerous growths. They usually grow slowly
and can’t spread to other tissues.

A

Benign tumors

63
Q

are cancerous
and can grow slowly or quickly.

A

Malignant tumors

64
Q

general term often used to denote various types of
malignant neoplasms.

A

CANCER

65
Q

the spread of cancer cells.

A

METASTASIS

66
Q

one type of cancer and is derived from epithelial
tissue

A

CARCINOMA

67
Q

another cancer which arises from connective tissue

A

SARCOMA

68
Q

PRIMARY TREATMENT MODALITIES FOR CANCER

A
  1. SURGERY
  2. CHEMOTHERAPY
  3. RADIATION THERAPY

*The choice of which modality or combination of
modalities depends on many factors, including the
type of cancer, its location and stage, and treating
oncologist.

69
Q

allowing the patient to remain free of
disease for 5 years or more

A

CURATIVE

70
Q

designed to relieve pain when curing
isn’t possible

A

PALLIATIVE

71
Q

An
agent that can cause a birth defect is known as a

A

Teratogen

72
Q

An
agent that can cause a birth defect is known as a

A

Teratogen

Radiologic Pathology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions