Urinary system Flashcards
(42 cards)
what 6 organs compose the urinary system?
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 bladder, 1 urethra
What is the function of the urinary system?
To remove metabolic wastes from the blood and direct the waste out of the body.
Filters blood and creates waste
What do the kidneys do?
Filter blood and produce urine
What is the hilum?
Contains entry/exit for renal blood vessels, nerves, lymphatic vessels, and ureter.
What do the kidneys maintain?
Blood volume (ADH), blood composition, blood pH
What is a nephron?
functional unit of kidney.
What is the function of a nephron?
Filters blood and produces urine
What is a nephron composed of?
A renal corpuscle and a renal tubule.
What is a renal corpuscle composed of ?
Glomerulus and glomerular capsule
What is a glomerulus?
Filtration unit. Cluster of capillaries which contain pores/fenestrations.
What are afferent arterioles?
Lead to the glomerulus, which leads to the efferent arterioles.
What is the renal tubule composed of?
Proximal convoluted tubule,
descending limb, loop, ascending limb, distal convoluted tubule, collecting tubule/duct.
What is glomerular filtration?
blood plasma is filtered. substances move from the blood to the glomerular capsule.
What is tubular reabsorption?
return products filtered from the plasma back to the blood
What is tubular secretion?
puts waste products into the filtrate to be excreted from the kidney
What is glomerular filtrate?
stuff that passed through the glomerulus into the space within the corpuscle.
What is proximal tubular reabsorption?
the transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to the renal tubular lumen
What is tubular secretion?
the transfer of materials from peritubular capillaries to the renal tubular lumen
What is the pathway of urine?
Nephrons, collecting ducts, renal papilae, minor and major calyces, renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra, outside world.
In what ways does the Urinary System maintain homeostasis?
-regulating blood volume, blood pressure, pH, and concentration (osmolarity) of electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Cl-, HPO4-3, Mg2+, HCO3-)
-reabsorbing glucose and excreting wastes
-releasing certain hormones like renin and EPO
water conservation
n the collecting duct water is taken from the tubular fluid back into the blood.
renal corpuscle (Bowman’s capsule and glomerulus)
Filtration of blood to make filtrate.
proximal convoluted tubule
Mainly selective tubular reabsorption of glucose, amino acids, Na+ then Cl-, H2O follows by osmosis.
Reabsorption of bicarbonate.
Also tubular secretion of NH4+ and H+; tubular secretion of drugs (e.g. penicillin).
loop of henle (as a unit)
To create and maintain the concentration gradient across the medulla.