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ANHB EXAM > cardiovascular system > Flashcards

cardiovascular system Flashcards

1
Q

What is coronary circulation?

A

Supply of oxygen rich blood to the heart tissue

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2
Q

Which arteries supply the heart with blood?

A

right coronary artery
left coronary artery

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3
Q

Where do the coronary arteries branch from?

A

aorta

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4
Q

What is the heart?

A

muscular pump that keeps blood flowing through the vessels

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5
Q

What do vessels do?

A

Deliver blood to the body and then return it back to the heart

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6
Q

What is the pulmonary circuit?

A

right side of the heart
carries O2 poor blood to the lungs for gas exchange and then returns it to the heart

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7
Q

What is the systemic circuit?

A

left side of the heart
carries O2 rich blood to the body and returns O2 poor blood back to the heart

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8
Q

What is coronary circulation?

A

Hearts blood supply - O2

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9
Q

What are the three layers of the heart wall?

A

endocardium
myocardium
epicardium

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10
Q

Endocardium

A

innermost lining
simple squamous epithelium overlying a thin layer of loose Ct
continuous with the inner lining of blood vessels

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11
Q

Myocardium

A

cardiac muscle
thickest layer

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12
Q

Epicardium

A

simple squamous epithelium overlying a thin layer of loose CT

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13
Q

What is systole?

A

contraction

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14
Q

What is diastole?

A

relaxation

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15
Q

What are the major branches off the aorta?

A

brachioceohalic artery: right subclavian artery and right common carotid artery
left common carotid artery
left subclavian artery

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16
Q

Embryological development of the heart

A

The heart forms from an embryonic tissue called mesoderm around 18 to 19 days after fertilization.

17
Q

When does the heart start beating?

A

22 days after conception or 5 weeks and 1 day gestation

18
Q

What are the three layers of blood vessels?

A

Tunica intima, Tunica media, and Tunica externa

19
Q

Characteristics of the tunica intima

A

consists of an inner surface of smooth endothelium covered by a surface of elastic tissues

20
Q

Characteristics of the tunica media

A

made up principally of smooth (involuntary) muscle cells and elastic fibres arranged in roughly spiral layers.

21
Q

Characteristics of the tunica adventitia

A

a constitutes the outermost layer of connective tissues
provides the shape, strength, and support for arteries and veins.

22
Q

What are the 4 valves of the heart?

A

aortic valve, mitral valve, pulmonary valve and tricuspid valve

23
Q

What are the different circuits of the heart?

A

Pulmonary Circulation and Systemic Circulation

24
Q

The walls of which ventricle is thicker?

A

The left ventricle is thicker than the right ventricle because the left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the entire body

25
Q

Action potential of the heart

A

electrical changes in the heart’s membrane that trigger the heart’s contraction and relaxation

26
Q

Conduction in the heart

A

the network of signals that keeps your heart beating

27
Q

What are the phases of the cardiac cycle?

A

Atrial systole
Ventricular systole
Atrial diastole
Ventricular diastole

28
Q

Atrial systole

A

The atria contract and push blood into the ventricles

29
Q

Ventricular systole

A

The ventricles contract and pump blood out of the heart

30
Q

Atrial diastole

A

The atria relax and fill with blood

31
Q

Ventricular diastole

A

The ventricles relax and fill with blood

32
Q

What is the average stroke volume at rest?

A

50 to 100 ml.

33
Q

How is heart rate changed?

A

adapts to our body’s need for energy throughout the day

34
Q

Isovolumetric contraction

A

contraction of a closed ventricular chamber without a change in volume

35
Q

Ventricular ejection

A

the ventricles eject blood to the body (through the aorta) and to the lungs (through the pulmonary artery).

36
Q

Isovolumetric relaxation

A

the time immediately after ventricular contraction when the aortic valve has closed, but the mitral valve has not yet opened

37
Q

Ventricular filling

A

the high pressure from the blood vessels forces blood into the expanding ventricle.

ANHB EXAM (8 decks)

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