Urinary System

Question 1

Nitrogenous waste products

Answer 1

Urea, creatinine, Uric acid

Urinary system removes these from the blood so they do not accumulate and become harmful

Question 2

Urine

Answer 2

Composed of water, salts, and acids.

Leaves the body through ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. Kidney processes 200 quarts of blood to filter out 2 quarts urine

Question 3

Functions of kidneys

Answer 3

1. Remove nitrogenous wastes: urea, creatinine, uric acid
2. Balance water and electrolytes (sodium, potassium)
3. Release hormones: renin, erythropoietin, calciferol
4. Degrade and eliminate hormones from bloodstream

Question 4

Renin

Answer 4

Enzymatic hormone important in adjusting blood pressure

Question 5

Erythropoietin

Answer 5

Hormone that stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow

Question 6

Calciferol

Answer 6

Active form of vitamin D necessary for the absorption of calcium from the intestine

Question 7

Electrolytes

Answer 7

Sodium (Na+) and potassium (K+) are small molecules that conduct an electrical charge.

Electrolytes are necessary for proper functioning of muscle and nerve cells

Question 8

Example of homeostasis

Answer 8

Kidney adjusts amount of water and electrolytes by secreting some substances into the urine and holding back others in the bloodstream for use in the body .
Homeostasis = bodies ability to maintain an equilibrium within its internal environment
Home/o means sameness

Question 9

Size and weight of a normal kidney

Answer 9

Each kidney weighs about 4 to 6 ounces

Question 10

What function is performed by the ureters?

Answer 10

Ureters carry urine in peristaltic waves from the kidney to the urinary bladder

Question 11

What function is performed by the urinary bladder?

Answer 11

Holding urine

Question 12

Which function is performed by the urethra?

Answer 12

Excrete urine

Question 13

Difference between male and female urination system?

Answer 13

Smaller urethra for women

Question 14

Voiding

Answer 14

Urination

Question 15

How do kidneys produce urine

Answer 15

Blood enters kidneys through right and left renal arteries.
Arterioles carry blood to capillaries.
Glomeruli filter the blood.

Kidneys produce urine through filtration

Question 16

Glomerulus

Answer 16

Collection of tiny capillaries formed in the shape of a small ball

Question 17

Renin

Answer 17

Increases blood pressure and restores blood flow in the kidneys to normal

Question 18

How kidneys produce urine contd.

Answer 18

As blood passes through the many glomeruli the thin walls of each of the glomerulus will filter sugar, water, salts, urea & wastes to leave the bloodstream.
Bowman capsule is a cup like shaped structure that will capture the substances.

Walls of glumeruli prevent proteins and big substances from leaving the bloodstream or appearing in urine

Renal tubule is attached to each bowman capsule at the bottom

Question 19

Three steps in the formation of urine

Answer 19

1. Glomerular filtration
2. Tubular reabsorption
3. Tubular secretion

Question 20

Tubular reabsorption

Answer 20

The flow of the water, sugar, salt, urea and other wastes passing through the renal tubule, most of the water, all the sugar, and almost all the secreationthe sodium return to the bloodstream through tiny capillaries surrounding each tubule.

This ensures the body retains essential substances such as glucose, water , sodium

Question 21

Nephron

Answer 21

Functional unit of the kidney. It is the combination of glomerulus and renal tubule where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion take place in the kidney. Each nephron is capable of forming urine by itself. There are about 1 million nephrons in a kidney.

Question 22

Renal pelvis

Answer 22

a basin-like area in the central part of the kidney.

Question 23

Calyces or calices
(Singular calyx or calix)

Answer 23

Small, cup-like regions of the renal pelvis

Question 24

Contd.

Answer 24

The renal pelvis narrows into the ureter, which carries the urine to the urinary bladder. The bladder, a muscular sac, temporarily stores urine. Sphincter muscles control the exit area of the bladder to the urethra. As the bladder fills and pressure increases at its base, an individual notices a need to urinate and voluntarily relaxes sphincter muscles.

Question 25

Catheter

Answer 25

Tube for injecting or removing fluids. A bladder catheter drains urine from the bladder

Question 26

Cortex

Answer 26

Outer region of an organ; the renal cortex is the outer region of the kidney (cortical means pertaining to the cortex).

Question 27

Glomerular capsule

Answer 27

Enclosing structure surrounding each glomerulus. The glomerular capsule is also known as Bowman capsule and collects the material that is filtered from the blood through the walls of the glomerulus.

Question 28

Hilum

Answer 28

Depression in the kidney where blood vessels and nerves enter and leave. Hilum comes from the Latin meaning a small thing. It is also used in the respiratory system to mark the depression in the lung where blood vessels, bronchus, and lymphatic vessels enter and leave.

Question 29

Meat is

Answer 29

Opening or canal

Question 30

Kidney

Answer 30

One of two bean-shaped organs on either side of the backbone in the lumbar region. It filters nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to form urine.

Question 31

Medulla

Answer 31

Inner region of an organ. The renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney. Medullary means pertaining to the medulla. The term comes from the Latin medulla, meaning marrow (inner part).

Question 32

Potassium (K+)

Answer 32

Electrolyte regulated by the kidney so that a proper concentration is maintained within the blood. Potassium is essential for allowing muscle contraction and conduction of nervous impulses.

Question 33

Renal artery

Answer 33

Blood vessel that carries blood to the kidney.

Question 34

Renal tubule

Answer 34

Microscopic tube in the kidney where urine is formed after filtration.

Question 35

Renal vein

Answer 35

Blood vessel that carries blood away from the kidney and toward the heart.

Question 36

Renin

Answer 36

Enzyme secreted by the kidney. It raises blood pressure by influencing vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels).

Question 37

Trigone

Answer 37

Triangular area in the urinary bladder.

Question 38

Sodium (Na+)

Answer 38

Electrolyte regulated in the blood and urine by the kidneys. It is needed for proper transmission of nerve impulses, heart activity, and other metabolic functions. A common form of sodium is sodium chloride (table salt).

Question 39

Urination (voiding)

Answer 39

Process of expelling urine; also called micturition.

Question 40

Urinary bladder

Answer 40

Hollow, muscular sac that holds and stores urine.