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Anatomy & Terminology > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Cell

A

Fundamental unit of all living things.

Contains a gelatinous substance composed of water, protein, sugar, acids, fats, and various materials.

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2
Q

Parts of a cell

A

Cell membrane
Nucleus
Chromosomes
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic reticulum

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3
Q

Cell membrane

A

Surrounds + protects the cell and regulates what passes into and out of it

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4
Q

Nucleus

A

Controls the operations of a cell. It directs cell division and determines the structure and function of the cell.

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5
Q

Chromosomes

A

Rod-like structures within the nucleus. All human body cells (except sex cells) contains 23 pairs of chromosomes

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6
Q

Genes

A

Chromosomes contain genes. Each gene contains DNA. Dna codes direct the activities of the cell such as cell division and synthesis of proteins

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7
Q

Dna stands for

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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8
Q

Karotype

A

Photograph of an individuals chromosomes arranged by size, shape, and number. Karyotyping can determine whether chromosome are normal.

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9
Q

Male vs female chromosomes

A

23rd pair is XY for males
23rd pair is XX for females

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10
Q

Cytoplasm

A

cyt/o =cell
plasm= formation

Includes all of the material outside of the nucleus and enclosed by the cell membrane. Carries on the work of the cell. Contains specialized apparatus to supply the chemical needs of the cell

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A

Small sausaged shaped bodies that provide principal source of energy for the cell. They use nutrients and oxygen to release energy that is stored in food. During Catabolism, complex foods are broken down into simpler substances and energy is released by the mitochondria. Catabolism provides energy for the cells to do the work of the body.

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12
Q

Endoplasmic reticulum

A

A network of canals within the cell. Cellular tunnel systems that manufacture proteins for the cell.

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13
Q

Ribosomes

A

Attached to the Endoplasmic reticulum. Builds long chains of proteins

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14
Q

Anabolism

A

Occurs on the Endoplasmic reticulum. The process of building up large proteins from small protein pieces called amino acids. Hormones and enzymes are important proteins for cell growth

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15
Q

Anabolism and catabolism make up

A

The cell’s metabolism

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16
Q

Metabolism

A

The total of the chemical processes occurring in a cell.

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17
Q

Anabolic steroids

A

Similar to androgens (male hormones$ in their effects on the body. They build up protein within cells.

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18
Q

Metabolism and the thyroid gland

A

Thyroid gland secretes thyroid hormone (thyroxine or T4), which stimulates metabolism in cells. Increased levels of hormone speed up metabolism (increased energy and weight loss) and decreased levels of hormone slow down metabolism (sluggishness and weight gain)

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19
Q

Muscle cell

A

Long slender and contains fibers that aid in contracting and relaxing

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20
Q

Epithelial cell

A

(A lining and skin cell) may be square and flat to provide protection

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21
Q

A nerve cell

A

May be long and have various fibrous extensions that aid in its job of carrying impulses

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22
Q

A fat cell

A

Contains large, empty spaces for fat storage.

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23
Q

Tissues

A

A group of similar cells working together to do a specific job.

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24
Q

Histologist

A

(Hist/o =tissue)

A scientist that specializes in the study of tissues.

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25
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Forms the linings of internal organs, and the outer surface of the skin covering the body. Lines exocrine and endocrine glands and is responsible for the secretions that the glands produce.
All tissue that covers the outside of the body and lines the inner surface of internal organs.

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26
Q

Voluntary muscle

A

Found in arms and legs and parts of the body where movement is under conscious control

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27
Q

Involuntary muscle

A

Found in the heart and digestive system, as well as other organs, allows movement that is not under conscious control.

28
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

A specialized type of muscle found only in the heart. Contractions can be seen as a beating heart

29
Q

Nerve tissue

A

Conducts impulses all over the body

30
Q

Organs

A

Different types of tissues combine to form an organ.

31
Q

Viscera

A

Singular ;viscus
Internal organs

32
Q

Abdominal viscera

A

Are the liver, stomach, intestines, pancreas, spleen, and gallbladder

33
Q

Systems

A

Groups of organs working together to perform complex functions

34
Q

Digestive system

A

Mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, stomach, small + large intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas

35
Q

Urinary or excretory system

A

Kidneys, ureters (tubes from the kidneys to the urinary bladder), urinary bladder, urethra (tube from the bladder to the outside of the body)

36
Q

Respiratory system

A

Nose, pharynx, larynx (voice box), trachea (windpipe), bronchial tubes, lungs (where the exchange of gases takes place)

37
Q

Reproductive system

A

Female: ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus (womb), vagina, mammary glands

Male: Testes and associated tubes, urethra, penis, prostate gland

38
Q

Endocrine system

A

Thyroid gland (in the neck), pituaitary gland (at the base of the brain), sex glands (ovaries and testes), adrenal glands, pancreas (islets of Langerhans), parathyroid glands

39
Q

Nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and collections of nerves

40
Q

Circulatory system

A

Heart, blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), lymphatic vessels and nodes, spleen, thymus gland)

41
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

Muscles, bones, and joints

42
Q

Skin and sense organs system

A

Skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous (oil) glands; eye, ear, nose, and tongue

43
Q

Adipose tissue

A

Collection of fat cells

44
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue often attached to bones at joints. Cartilage forms part of the external ear and the nose. Rings of cartilage surround the trachea

45
Q

Epithelial cells

A

Skin cells that cover the outside of the body and line the internal surfaces of organs

46
Q

Larynx

A

Voice box; located above the trachea

47
Q

Pharynx

A

Throat

48
Q

Pituitary gland

A

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

49
Q

Thyroid gland

A

Endocrine gland at the base of the brain

50
Q

Trachea

A

Windpipe

51
Q

Body cavity

A

Space within the body that contains internal organs (viscera)

52
Q

Cranial

A

Brain, pituitary gland

53
Q

Thoracic

A

Lungs, heart, esophagus, trachea, bronchial tubes, thymus gland, aorta (large artery)

2 smaller cavities;
Pleural cavity
Mediastinum

54
Q

Pleural cavity

A

Space surrounding each lung.
Double membrane that surrounds the lungs and protects them. If inflamed the pleural cavity may fill with liquid, this is called pleural effusion

55
Q

Mediastinum

A

Centrally located space outside and between the lungs. It contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, thymus gland, bronchial tubes, and many lymph nodes

56
Q

Pelvic

A

Portions of the small and large intestine, rectum, urinary bladder, urethra, and ureters and vagina

57
Q

Spinal

A

Nerves if the spinal cord

58
Q

Dorsal (back) body cavities

A

Cranial and spinal

59
Q

Ventral(belly) cavities
(Anterior)

A

The thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities

60
Q

Diaphragm

A

Separates abdominal and thoracic cavities

61
Q

Abdominalpelvic cavity

A

Abdominal and pelvic cavities

62
Q

Adipose

A

Pertaining to fat tissue

63
Q

Inguinal

A

Pertaining to the groin

64
Q

Karyotype

A

Picture of chromosomes in the cell nucleus

65
Q

Viscer

A

Pertaining to internal organs

66
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body into right and left portions

67
Q

Transversal plane

A

Divides the plane into upper and lower portions

Anatomy & Terminology (5 decks)

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