Urinary System

Question 1

By the 6-8th day of formation, what is the fertilized egg known as?

Answer 1

Blastocyst

Question 2

What are two layers of cells formed by the inner cell mass?

Answer 2

Epiblast and hypoblast

Question 3

Fill in the blanks: during _______, the two cell layers become three germ cell layers: ______, _______, and ________

Answer 3

Gastrulation, ectoderm, mesoderm, endoderm

Question 4

What are the 3 components of the mesoderm?

Answer 4

Paraxial mesoderm
Lateral plate mesoderm
Intermediate mesoderm

Question 5

What is the basic foundation of the urinary system?

Answer 5

Intermediate mesoderm

Question 6

What is the nephrogenic cord a portion of?

Answer 6

Urogenital ridge

Question 7

What are the three stages in the formation of the kidney?

Answer 7

Pronephros
Mesonephros
Metanephros

Question 8

What is formed in the pronephros stage?

Answer 8

Presumptive neck region

Question 9

What region does the mesoneohros form in?

Answer 9

The thoracic and lumbar region

Question 10

What region does the metanephros form in?

Answer 10

The lumbar region and becomes the adult kidney

Question 11

What is the location of the kidneys?

Answer 11

Retro-peritoneal, right kidney more cranial (except in humans and pigs) and lies in a small fossa of the caudate liver lobe

Question 12

In what species are both of the kidneys bean shaped?

Answer 12

Dog, pig, cat, small ruminants

Question 13

In what species is the right kidney heart shaped and the left kidney bean shaped?

Answer 13

The horse

Question 14

What species are the kidneys oval in shape and irregular?

Answer 14

Bovine

Question 15

What are the three kidney types?

Answer 15

Unipyramidal
Multilobar (multi-pyramidal) with smooth surface
Multilobar (multi-pyramidal) with lobated surface

Question 16

How do you tell the difference between a cat’s kidney from a small dogs kidney?

Answer 16

Cats have very obvious capsular veins

Question 17

What species have a unipyramidal kidney?

Answer 17

Cat, dog, sheep, goat, horse

Question 18

What species have multipyramidal kidneys?

Answer 18

Cattle and pig

Question 19

What is the order of the vasculature of the kidney?

Answer 19

Renal artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, glomerular capillaries

Question 20

In what species does the ureter form from the coming together of the short passages that lead from the calyces?

Answer 20

Cattle

Question 21

What are the two sphincters of the bladder and are they voluntary or involuntary?

Answer 21

Internal urethral sphincter is involuntary
External urethral sphincter is voluntary

Question 22

In what species does the urethralis muscle enclose the suburethral diverticulum?

Answer 22

Cows and sows

Question 23

What nerve sympathetically innervates the kidney?

Answer 23

Celiac ganglion (celiacomesenteric plexus)

Question 24

What nerve parasympathetically innervates the kidney?

Answer 24

Vagal nerve

Question 25

What nerve parasympathetically innervates the ureter and bladder?

Answer 25

Pelvic nerve

Question 26

What nerve sympathetically innervates the ureter?

Answer 26

Celiac ganglion

Question 27

What nerve sympathetically innervates the bladder?

Answer 27

Hypogastric nerve