Rumen Flashcards
What are the 4 muscle layers of the bovine abdomen?
1) cutaneous trunci
2) external abdominal oblique (cranio-ventral)
3) internal abdominal oblique (caudo-ventral)
4) transverse abdominus and rectus abdominus
What are 3 reasons by the paralumbar fossa is clinically relevant?
External palpation
Rumen auscultation
Incision site
What do dermatomes innervate?
Skin (peritoneum zones)
What does the “fore stomach” all include? And what are they all lined with?
Reticulum, rumen, and omasum. Lined by non-glandular mucosa with stratified squamous epithelium
What are the cranial and caudal extensions of the rumen (what is its neighbour on each side)?
Diaphragm cranially and the pelvic inlet caudally
What are two ways to palpate the rumen?
Left paralumbar fossa
Transrectal
At what rib does the ruminant stomach start?
The 7th rib
What compartment of the rumen lies right up against the diaphragm?
The reticulum
On what side does the omasum sit?
On the right side
What are the boundaries of the paralumbar fossa?
Caudally - tuber coxae
Dorsally - transverse processes of lumbar vertebrae
Cranioventrally - caudal edge of the 13th rib
What spinal nerves are involved in paravertebral anesthesia of the paralumbar fossa and abdominal wall?
T13, L1, L2
What 4 blocks are involved in paravertebral anesthesia of the paralumbar fossa and abdominal wall?
Spinal nerves T13, L1, L2
Proximal paravertebral block
Distal paravertebral block
Intertransverse ligament
What opening is at the junction of rumen and reticulum and empties into both?
Cardiac opening
What is the continuous opening between the rumen and reticulum?
Ruminoreticular opening
What sac in the rumen has well-developed, long papillae?
Ventral sac
What sac in the rumen has not developed and short papillae?
Dorsal sac and pillars
What are ruminal papillae?
Soft tissue formations of the lamina propria and submucosa
What part of the rumen has a honeycomb lining?
Reticulum
What has muscular lips on each side and is very important in neonates to allow milk to bypass the rumen?
Reticular groove
What are the 2 openings of the omasum, and what connects them?
Reticulo-omasal orifice and omasoabomasal orifice connected by omasal canal
What is the layman’s term for the omasum?
Butchers bible because it looks like pages in a book
What compartment of the rumen has glandular mucosa and permanent folds?
Abomasum
What directions of the greater and lesser curvatures of the abomasum face?
Greater curvature faces ventrally
Lesser curvature faces dorsally
Where are the gastric glands located in the abomasum? And where are the mucous glands?
Fundus and body for gastric glands and mucous glands in the pylorus
