Placentation Flashcards
What are the major functional units of the placenta?
Chorionic villi
What type of placenta has chorionic villi located over the entire uterine luminal epithelium? And what species have this type?
Diffuse, pig and horse
What species have microzones of villi called microcotyledons?
Mares
What is special about the Areola in pig placenta?
Site of iron absorption, vital to the pig
In mares, the trophoblasts invade the endometrium to form what? And what do they produce?
Endometrial cups that produce ECG (equine chorionic gonadotrophin)
What type of placenta has vascularized chorionic villous trophoblasts forming cotyledons and caruncles coming together? What are those structures called and in what species is it seen?
Cotyledonary, structures called placentomes, seen in ruminants
What type of placenta is an invasive band of the chorion surrounding the middle of the fetus? What species is it seen?
Zonary and in dogs and cats
What type of placenta is disc-like in structure of the chorion interacting with maternal tissue? And in what species is it seen?
Discoid, higher primates and rodents
Why is epitheliochorial in mares and sows the least invasive?
Because the epithelium of chorionic villi and uterine luminal epithelium are still intact
What is it called when specialized binucleate giant trophoblast cells (BNGC) migrate into the uterine epithelium? What species is it seen in?
Synepitheliochorial seen in ruminants
What is it called when trophoblasts move through uterine epithelium, stroma, and are in contact with maternal endothelia? And what species is it seen in?
Endotheliochorial seen in dogs, cats, most carnivores and insectivores
What is it called when highly invasive trophoblasts pass through the maternal uterine epithelium, stroma, and endothelium of maternal vasculature becoming directly in contact with maternal blood? And in what species is it seen in?
Hemochorial seen in rodents and higher primates
What do you call the connecting stalk between the fetus and the placenta?
Umbilical cord
What is in the umbilical cord?
Two umbilical arteries
Two umbilical veins
The urachus
Vestige of yolk sac
What is intrauterine growth restriction?
Impaired growth and development of conceptus and its organs during pregnancy and postnatally
