Urinary System

Question 1

What vertebral level does the left kidney lies

Answer 1

T12-L3

Question 2

Why is the right kidney at a level lower than the left kidney

Answer 2

Bcz of the right liver,remember it’s larger than the left one & has 3 lobes

Question 3

What are the 3 main functions of the kidney

Answer 3

1.EXCRETION…urine
2.REGULATORY…osmoregulation
3.ENDOCRINE

Question 4

What are the 3 outer layers if the kidney

Answer 4

Renal fascia
Adipose
Tough renal capsule

Question 5

Name the parts or layers of the kidney

Answer 5

Cortex
Medulla—pyramids and papilla
Minor calyx
Major calyx
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Bladder

Question 6

The renal cortex are separated into which 2 zones

Answer 6

Outer cortical zone
Inner juxtamedullary zone

Question 7

What are the 3 constriction the ureter encounters from kidney to bladder

Answer 7

1.Ureteropelvic junction
2.As it crosses over the EXTERNAL ILIAC a. and v.
3.As it transverses the bladder

Question 8

What are the 3 layers that make up the ureter

Answer 8

1.Transitional epithelium
2.Longitudinal smooth m.
3.Circular smooth m.

Question 9

What are the layers that make up the bladder

Answer 9

Fibrous adventitia
Detrusor muscle
Transitional epithelium
Rugae

Question 10

What is the trigone of the bladder

Answer 10

Consists of the 3 ureter orifices and internal urethra orifice
*sensitive to expansion
*Signals when its time to pee

Question 11

In which vertebral level does the renal arteries lie

Answer 11

L1-L2

Question 12

What does the renal arteries branch into as they supply the kidney

Answer 12

Segmental arteries,then
Interlobar arteries,then
Arcuate arteries,then
Interlobular/cortex radiate,then
Afferent arterioles

Question 13

What’s the difference between the right and left renal veins

Answer 13

The left renal vein has the L.adrenal and L.gonadal vein draining into it

Question 14

What arteries supply the bladder

Answer 14

Superior and inferior vesical arteries

Question 15

What the difference in arterial blood supply to the male v female bladder

Answer 15

Female bladder has extra supply from the vaginal artery

Question 16

What’s the venous drainage of the bladder

Answer 16

Vesical venous plexus emptying into the INTERNAL ILIAC VEIN—COMMON ILIAC V—IVC

Question 17

What makes the renal plexus that innervates the kidneys

Answer 17

Sympathetic comes from the SPLANCHNIC NERVES—(T10-L1)
Parasympathetic comes from the VAGUS NERVE

Question 18

What nerve innervates the external urethral spinchter,giving somatic control of urination?

Answer 18

PEDENDAL NERVE—-(S2-S4)

Question 19

Which plexus does the sympathetic innervation of the bladder come from and which level does it lie

Answer 19

INFERIOR HYPOGASTRIC PLEXUS
T12-L2

Question 20

Where does the parasympathetic innervation of the bladder come from and its vertebral level

Answer 20

PELVIC SPLANCHNIC NERVES
S2-S4

Question 21

What are the 2 different types of nephrons within the kidney

Answer 21

Cortical nephrons—80-85%
Juxtamedullary nephrons—15-205

Question 22

What’s the function of the renal corpuscle

Answer 22

Filtration of plasma

Question 23

What 2 structures make up the renal corpuscle

Answer 23

1.Glomerulus
2.Bowman’s capsule

Question 24

What’s the function for the renal tubule

Answer 24

Selective reabsorption

Question 25

What 3 structures make up the renal tubule

Answer 25

1.Proximal convulated tubule
2.Loop of Henle
3.Distal convulated tubule

Question 26

What 2 types of cells make up the juxtaglomerular apparatus

Answer 26

Juxtamedullary cells
Macula densa

Question 27

What 3 layers make the filtration membrane

Answer 27

Capillary
Glomerular basement membrane
Podocytes

Question 28

What type of epithelium makes up the proximal convulated tubule

Answer 28

Simple cuboidal with microvilli

Question 29

What epithelium makes the 3 regions of the loop of henle

Answer 29

Thin descending and thin ascending limbs—SIMPLE SQUAMOUS
This ascending limb—SIMPLE CUBOIDAL,no brush border

Question 30

What type of epithelium lines the distal convulated tubule and collecting duct

Answer 30

SIMPLE CUBOIDAL with no brush border

Question 31

What are the 2 types of cells lining up the collecting duct

Answer 31

Principal cells
Intercalated cells

Question 32

What’s the function of MESANGIAL CELLS

Answer 32

Provide support
Phagocytosis
Regulate glomerular blood flow

Question 33

What type of epithelium lines up the manor/major calyces,pelvis,ureter and bladder

Answer 33

TRANSITIONAL EPITHELIUM