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Anatomy > Respiratory Anatomy > Flashcards

Respiratory Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

List the 3 parts that make up the thoracic cage

A

1.Sternum
2.Thoracic vertebrae
3.12 pairs if ribs
F;TO PROVIDE STRUCTURE & PROTECT THE INTERNAL ORGANS

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2
Q

Name all the 3 parts that make up the sternum

A

1.manubrium
2.body of sternum
3.xiphoid processes

1&2 separated by sternal angle that lies at T4 vertebrae level

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3
Q

What connects the ribs to the sternum

A

Costal cartilage

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4
Q

Which facets on the sternum are demifacets

A

2 &7

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of ribs in terms of attachment to sternum

A

1.true;1-7
2.false;8-10
3.floating;11-12

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6
Q

What the 2 main types of ribs

A

1.TYPICAL;3-9
2.ATYPICAL;1,2,10,11,12

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7
Q

What are typical ribs?

A

*ALL HAVE A HEAD,NECK & BODY/SHAFT
Head;posterior,has 2 articulated facets
*has TUBERCLE;articulates with transverse processes
COSTAL GROOVE
RIB ANGLE

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8
Q

What makers rib 1 atypical

A

*shorter & wider
*one facet on head
*has 2 grooves to make way for the subclavian vessels

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9
Q

What makes rib 2 atypical?

A

*has rough area on upper surface(tuberosity) for attachment of SERRATUS ANTERIOR MUSCLE
*longer & thinner than rib 1,double length

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10
Q

What makes rib 10 atypical

A

*has only 1 facet-articulate with corresponding vertebrae

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11
Q

What makes ribs 11 & 12 atypical?

A

*no tubercle
*no neck
*short
*pointed ends

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12
Q

What is a costovertebral joint?

A

Joint between the head of rib(the facets) & vertebrae

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13
Q

What is a costotransverse joint?

A

The joint between the rib tubercle & the transverse process of the corresponding vertebrae

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14
Q

What are the 5 sections of the verterbrae?

A

1.Cervical-7
2.Thoracic-12;articulates with ribs
3.Lumbar-5
4.Sacrum-5;fused
5.Coccyx-4;fused

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15
Q

What are the 3 bones the make up the nasal cavity & their function?

A

CONCHAE(covered in mucus): superior
Middle
Inferior
F:Increase surface area & warm and moisturize inhaled air

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16
Q

What makes up the oral cavity?

A

Hard palate
Soft palate
Uvula

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17
Q

What are the 3 parts that make up the pharynx?

A

1.Nasopharynx-behind nasal cavity & ends just at the end f the uvula
2.Oropharynx-between end of uvula & beginning of epiglottis
3.Laryngophrynx-from beginning of epiglottis to beginning of oesophagus

18
Q

What are the 3 parts that make up the tracheobronchial tree?

A

Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles

19
Q

How many laryngeal cartilages are there?

A

9…..3 paired to make 6 and 3 unpaired

20
Q

Name the 3 unpaired laryngeal cartilages:

A

1.Epiglottis
2.Thyroid
3.Cricoid

21
Q

Name the 3 paired laryngeal cartilages;

A

1.Arythenoid
2.Corniculate
3.Cuneiform

22
Q

Which membrane covers the hyaline cartilage free part of the trachea?

A

Trachealis muscle(smooth muscle)

23
Q

What’s the name of the ridge that’s forms at the bifurcation of the trachea & the lymph nodes inferior to it?

A

CARINA—inferiorly lies the inferior tracheobronchial lymph nodes

24
Q

What’s the difference between the right & left primary bronchi?

A

Right bronchi-wider,shorter,much steeper i.e vertical,further divides into 3 secondary bronchi while left 2
* hence foreign subjects are more likely to be lodged here

25
Q

What’s the main epithelium that covers the respiratory tree?

A

Pseudostratified columnar epithelium

26
Q

What are the 2 squamous epithelial cells that make up the alveoli?

A

1.TYPE 1 PNEUMOCYTES-just lines the alveoli surface
2.TYPE 2 PNEUMOCYTES-Produce surfactant

27
Q

When does production of surfactant begin in developing fetuses & when is the production mostly complete?

A

Development: 24-28 weeks gestation
Mostly complete: 34 weeks gestation

HENCE PREMATURE BABIES ARE MORE LIKELY TO HAVE RESPIRATORY DISTRESS SYNDROME due to not enough surfactant.

28
Q

What lobes make the right lung and what separates them?

A

3 lobes
1.Superior lobe
HORIZONTAL FISSURE
2.Middle lobe
OBLIQUE FISSURE
3.Inferior lobe

29
Q

What makes the left lung different from the right?

A

*has only 2 lobes-the superior and inferior
*only one fissure-oblique fissure
*has a deep cardiac notch

30
Q

Which artery supplies the bronchi & the trachea?

A

The thoracic aorta(part above the diaphragm of the descending aorta)

31
Q

Where does the left bronchial vein drain its blood?

A

The accessory hemiazygos vein which the drains into the azygos vein then SVC

32
Q

Where does the right bronchial vein drain its blood?

A

AZYGOS VEIN

33
Q

Which nerve innervates the diaghragm?

A

PHRENIC NERVE

34
Q

What are the 3 attachments of the diaphragm?

A

1.Xiphoid process the sternum
2.Lumbar vertebrae & associated discs
3.Costal cartilage & inner surface of ribs 7-12

35
Q

What’s are the parts of the diaphragm that arises from the vertebrae?

A

CRUCA
R.crus-arises from L1-L3 & their associated intervertebral discs
L.crus-arises from L1-L2 & their associated intervertebral discs

36
Q

What happens to the diaphragm during breathing?

A

Contraction-Inhalation (coin)
Relaxation-Exhalation

37
Q

What are the 3 major openings on the diaphragm?

A

1.IVC-through T8 level
2.Oesophagus-through T10 level
3.Aorta-through T12 level

38
Q

Name the 3 intercostal muscles:

A

1.External—its contraction causes ribs to elevate
2.Internal—its contraction causes adjacent ribs to move closer to each other.
—* Only function in FORCED EXHALATION
3.Innermost—Separated from other layers by the NEUROVASCULAR BUNDLE.

39
Q

What supplies the intercostal space?

A

The NEUROVASCULAR BUNDLE
Vein
Artery
Nerve

40
Q

Name the 3 accessory muscles of INHALATION:

A

1.Sternocleidomastoid muscle
2.Pectoralis minor muscle
3.Scalene muscles

41
Q

Name the 4 accessory muscles of EXHALATION:

A

1.External oblique muscle
2.internal oblique muscle
3.rectus abdominis muscle
4.transversus abdominis muscle

Anatomy (12 decks)

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