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HOSA > Urinary System > Flashcards

Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

functions of the urinary system

A

-to filter waste products from the body
-to regulate levels of fluids and electrolytes
-to carry urine through the system until it is excreted during the process of urination

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2
Q

kidney function

A

one of 2 bean-shaped organs that remove waste products from the blood and help maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body

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3
Q

nephron function

A

microscopic urine-producing unit; each kidney contains abt 1 million nephrons

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4
Q

glomerulus function

A

one of several capillary clusters at the entrance of each nephron that initiates the process of filtering the blood

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5
Q

renal pelvis function

A

a reservoir in each kidney that collects urine

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6
Q

ureter function

A

one of 2 narrow tubes that carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder

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7
Q

urethra function

A

tubular structure through which urine passes from the urinary bladder to the outside of the body

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8
Q

urinary bladder function

A

muscular organ that holds the urine until it is released

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9
Q

urinary meatus function

A

opening that carries urine from the urethra to the outside of the body

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10
Q

nephrologist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys

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11
Q

urologist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disease and disorders of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males

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12
Q

nephropathy

A

any disease of the kidney

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13
Q

renal failure (kidney failure)

A

inability of one or both kidneys to perform their functions

e.g. uremia, acute renal failure, chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease

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14
Q

nephrotic syndrome

A

group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine

e.g. edema, hyperproteinuria, hypoproteinemia

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15
Q

hydronephrosis

A

dilation of kidneys

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16
Q

nephritis

A

inflammation of kidneys

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17
Q

glomerulonephritis

A

nephritis of glomeruli

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18
Q

nephroptosis

A

floating kidneys (dropping down of a kidney)

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19
Q

nephropyosis/pyonephrosis

A

suppuration of the kidney

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20
Q

polycystic kidney disease

A

genetic disorder characterized by growth of numerous cysts in the kidneys

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21
Q

renal colic

A

acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a kidney stone

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22
Q

kidney stones

A

an abnormal mineral deposit that has formed within the body and is named for the organ or tissue where it is located

-kidney stones form when waste products in the urine separate and crystallize
-nephrolithiasis, nephrolith, uterolith, cystolith

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23
Q

anuria

A

the absence of urine formation

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24
Q

diuresis

A

increased output of urine

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25
Q

dysuria

A

difficult or painful urination

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26
Q

enuresis

A

involuntary discharge of urine

27
Q

nocturia

A

frequent and excessive urination during night

28
Q

oliguria

A

scanty urination

29
Q

polyuria

A

excessive urination

30
Q

urinary hesitancy

A

difficulty in starting a urinary stream

31
Q

urinary incontinence

A

inability to control urine leaking

32
Q

urinalysis

A

examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

33
Q

bladder ultrasound

A

use of handheld ultrasound transducer to look for stones or for elevation of bladder

34
Q

urinary catheterization

A

insertion of a tube into the bladder to procure as terile specimen for diagnostic purposes

35
Q

cystoscopy

A

a visual examination of the urinary bladder with the use of a specialized type of endoscope called cystoscope

36
Q

nephrotomography

A

use of CAT scan to examine the kidneys

37
Q

medications to treat the urinary system

A

-diuretics: medications administered to increase urine secretion to primarily rid the body of excess water and salt

-antibiotics for urinary tract infections

-antispasmodics to block the signals that cause urinary incontinence

38
Q

diuretics

A

medications administered to increase urine secretion to primarily rid the body of excess water and salt

39
Q

dialysis

A

procedure to remove waste products such as urea, creatinine, and excess water from the blood of a patient whose kidneys no longer function

40
Q

hemodialysis

A

process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient’s blood
- most common type of dialysis

41
Q

peritoneal dialysis

A

the lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as the filter to remove waste from the blood

42
Q

nephrolysis

A

surgical freeing of kidney from adhesions

43
Q

nephropexy

A

surgical fixation of a floating kidney

44
Q

nephrostomy

A

placement of cathether to maintain opening

45
Q

pyeloplasty

A

surgical repair of ureter and renal pelvis

46
Q

ureterectomy

A

surgical removal of a ureter

47
Q

ureteroplasty

A

surgical repair of a ureter

48
Q

ureterscopy

A

treatment for a stone lodged in the ureter

49
Q

ureterectomy

A

surgical removal of kidney

50
Q

ureteroplasty

A

surgical repair of a ureter

51
Q

ureteroscopy

A

treatment for a stone lodged in the ureter

52
Q

meatotomy

A

surgical incision made in the urethral meatus to enlarge the opening

53
Q

urethropexy

A

surgical fixation of the urethra to nearby tissue

54
Q

arf

A

acute renal failure

55
Q

bph

A

benign prostatic hyperplasia

56
Q

cath

A

catheterization

57
Q

ckd

A

chronic kidney disease

58
Q

cysto

A

cystoscopy

59
Q

dre

A

digital rectal examination

60
Q

esrd

A

end-stage renal disease

61
Q

ivp

A

intravenous pyelogram

62
Q

pkd

A

polycystic kidney disease

63
Q

turp

A

transurethral resection of the prostate

64
Q

uti

A

urinary tract infection

HOSA (6 decks)

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