Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HOSA > Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes and Combining Forms > Flashcards

Roots, Prefixes, Suffixes and Combining Forms Flashcards

1
Q

Why use medical terms?

A

You must learn medical terms to understand conditions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Gastritis meaning

A

gastritis:

Gastr- refers to the stomach, and –itis refers to
inflammation, therefore gastritis means inflammation of the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

gastrotomy meaning

A

gastrotomy:

Gastr- refers to stomach, and –tomy refer to
incision, therefore gastrotomy means incision made into the stomach.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

root word: cardi

A

meaning: heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

cerebr

A

brain, cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

col, colon

A

colon (section of large intestine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

crani

A

cranium, skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

dermat

A

skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

disk

A

disk (disk of spine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

gastr

A

stomach

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

oste

A

bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

nephr, ren

A

kidney

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

pulmon

A

lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

skull

A

crani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

heart

A

cardi

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

stomach

A

gastr

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

colon

A

col, colon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

kidney

A

nephr, ren

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Prefixes are a second type of word part.
● Pre- means _______
● Prefix is the word part that comes before the word root in a medical term.
(e.g., prenatal).

A

before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Prefixes always contribute to the ______ of the term, usually by simply adding the meaning of the prefix to the word root.
❖ Example: post- means after, so post-surgical means _______ ______.

A

meaning; after surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

pre

A

before

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

post

A

after, behind

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

peri

A

around, surrounding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

intra

A

within

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

inter

A

between

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

sub, infra

A

below, beneath

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

supra, super

A

above

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

a-, an-

A

without, not

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

poly

A

many, much

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

dys

A

painful, difficult, abnormal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

give the prefix of without, not

A

a-, an-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

give the prefix of above

A

supra, super

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

give the prefix of below

A

sub, infra

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Suffixes are a third type of word part.
● Suffixes is the word part that comes _____ the word root.
❖ Example: the suffix –ac and –al means “pertaining to”

A

after

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

cardiac meaning

A

pertaining to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

cranial

A

pertaining to the skull

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Suffixes always contribute to the meaning of the term, usually by simply
adding the meaning of the suffix to the word root (and prefix if present)
● Example: post- means after, so post-surgical means _____ _______.

A

after surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

suffix: -ac, -al, -ary, -ic, -ous

A

pertaining to

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

algia

A

pain

40
Q

ectomy

A

excision, surgical removal

41
Q

gram

A

record, recording

42
Q

ism, ia

A

condition of

43
Q

itis

A

inflammation

44
Q

ium

A

tissue, structure

45
Q

logy

A

study of

46
Q

oma

A

tumor

47
Q

tomy

A

incision

48
Q

A combining vowel is a word part that is used but does not carry a meaning.

● It is a vowel (usually “o” and sometimes “I” or “e”) that is added to the word root to make it easier to pronounce the term; often added after
the word root and before joining another root or a suffix.

● Example: adding the suffix –logy directly to the word root “dermat” you
would get “dermatlogy”, it sounds less off when you add the “o” making
it “dermatology”
● The result of combining the combining vowel along the word root is
called a _________ ______.

A

combining form

49
Q

Instead of learning the word root cardi, we will learn cardi/o: the slash is
used to indicate that depending on the other word part following the
combining form, the combining vowel may or may not be used.
❖ E.g.: peri + cardi/o + -ium = ________________ (tissue around the heart) – the “o” is not used.
❖ E.g., cardi/o + -logy = ________ (study of the heart) – the “o” is
used.

A

pericardium; cardiology

50
Q

If combining form (without the optional vowel) ends with the same vowel that the suffix begins with, then the vowel is _________ to prevent repetition. (example: pericardium)

A

dropped

51
Q

combining form: cardi/o

A

meaning: heart

52
Q

cerebr/o

A

brain, cerebrum

53
Q

col/o, colon/o

A

colon

54
Q

crani/o

A

cranium, skull

55
Q

deramt/o

A

skin

56
Q

disk/o

A

disk

57
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

58
Q

nephro/o, ren/o

A

kidney

59
Q

oste/o

A

bone

60
Q

pulmon/o

A

lung

61
Q

Rules for putting the parts together

A
  1. Use the combining vowel when a combining form is joined to a suffix that does not begin with a vowel.
    nephr/o (kidney) + -logy (study of) = nephrology (study of the
    kidneys)
  2. Do not use the combining vowel when a combining form is joined to a
    suffix that does begin with a vowel:
    Arthr/o (joint) + -itis (inflammation) = arthritis (no o)
    (inflammation of the joint).
  3. And if the suffix begins with the same vowel as the combining form
    ends with, do not repeat it:
    cardi/o + -itis = carditis.
  4. Use the combining vowel when two combining forms are joined together:
    my/o (muscle) + cardi/o (heart) + -al = myocardial (pertaining to the heart muscle).

Note that this rule holds true usually even if the second combining form already begins with a vowel:
oste/o (bone) + arthr/o (joint) + -itis = osteoarthritis (inflammation
of the bone and joint)

62
Q

Intra- + crani/o + -al = __________________ (pertaining to within the skull)

A

Intracranial

63
Q

Sub- + pulmon/o + -ary= ______________ (pertaining to below the lungs)

A

Subpulmonary

64
Q

Cardi/o + -gram= ________________ (record of heart activity)

A

Cardiogram

65
Q

Oste/o + -algia= _________________ (pain in a bone)

A

Ostealgia

66
Q

Gastr/o + -tomy: _________________ (incision into the stomach)

A

Gastrotomy

67
Q

Some medical terms also add an –s (or –es) to make a plural, but many
do not.
● They have special endings related to their origins in Greek or Latin.
❖ Example: if the singular ends in ___ (vertebra – one bone in the spine),
then the plural ends in ____ (vertebrae – the bones in the spine)

● The special plurals do not occur in all terms ending in those letters so you
must learn the plural form when you learn the term.

A

a;ae

68
Q

a/ae plural ending example

A

vertebra, vertebrae

69
Q

en/ina plural ending example

A

lumen, lumina

70
Q

ex, ix,yx/ices plural ending example

A

index, indices

71
Q

is/es plural ending example

A

ankylosis, ankyloses,

72
Q

on/a plural ending example

A

phenomenon, phenomena;
spermatozoon, spermatozoa

73
Q

um/a plural ending example

A

diverticulum, diverticula; atrium, atria

74
Q

us/i plural ending example

A

nucleus, nuclei; glomerulus, glomeruli

75
Q

x, nx/ges, nges plural ending example

A

phalanx, phalanges

76
Q

Write the correct plural form of the singular term given:
1. Embolus (clot) ________________

A

Emboli

77
Q

Write the correct plural form of the singular term given:
2. Varicosis (swollen vein) ______________

A

Varicoses

78
Q

Write the correct plural form of the singular term given:
3. Aorta (vessel if heart) ________________

A

Aortae

79
Q

Write the correct plural form of the singular term given:
4. Larynx (voice box) ________________

A

larynges

80
Q

Write the correct plural form of the singular term given:
5. Ulcer ________________________

A

ulcers

81
Q

The pronunciation is indicated with letter of the alphabet and ______ marks (‘) that indicate which syllable (or syllables) should be accented.

A

stress

82
Q

To define a term based on its word parts:

A
  1. Begin by analyzing the meaning of the suffix.
  2. Then analyze the meaning of the prefix (if present).
  3. Then analyze the meaning of the root or roots.
83
Q

define intracerebral based on its word parts

A

intra- (within) + cerebr/o (brain) + -al (pertaining to)

= pertaining to the brain

84
Q

nephrectomy meaning

A

kidney + incision

=surgical removal of kidney

85
Q

arthritis meaning

A

joint + inflammation of

=inflammation of joint

86
Q

pulmonary meaning

A

lung

=issues relating to lungs

87
Q

colonitis

A

colon + inflammation of

=inflammation of colon

88
Q

osteal

A

bone (oste) + relating to (al)

= relating to the bone

89
Q

cardiotomy

A

heart (cardio) + incision (tomy)

=surgical removal of heart

90
Q

what’s the term for inflammation of the skin?

A

skin (dermat) + inflammation (itis)

=dermatitis

91
Q

what’s the term for pertaining to the area around the heart?

A

pertaining to (al) + heart (cardio)

=cardial

92
Q

what’s the term for surgical removal of a disk?

A

surgical removal (tomy) + disk (disk/o)
=diskotomy

or excision (ectomy) + disk
= diskectomy

93
Q

what’s the term for tumour of bone?

A

bone (oste) + tumour (oma)

osteoma

94
Q

what’s the term for pertaining to the kidney?

A

pertaining to (al) + kidney (nephr, ren)

renal

95
Q

Medical terms include the following basic parts:

A
  1. Word root: main part of the word (crani)
  2. Prefix: word part added before the root (intra-)
  3. Suffix: word part added after the root (-al)
    inta- + crani + -al = intracranial

HOSA (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions