Pt 2 ~ Integumentary System

Question 1

carbuncle

Answer 1

a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)

Question 2

cellulitis

Answer 2

an acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth and red streaks

Question 3

furuncles

Answer 3

aka boils

-large, tender swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around the hair follicles or sebaceous glands

Question 4

gangrene

Answer 4

aka tissue necrosis

-most commonly caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues

-the tissue death is followed by bacterial infection that causes putrefaction, and if this infection enters the bloodstream, it can be fatal

Question 5

impetigo

Answer 5

a highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children

-this condition is characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture

Question 6

necrotizing fasciitis

Answer 6

a severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria, aka flesh-eating bacteria

-necrotizing means causing tissue death, and fasciitis is inflammation of fascia

-the bacteria normally live harmlessly on the skin; however if they enter the body through a skin wound, this serious infection can result

-if untreated the infected body tissue is destroyed and the illness can be fatal

Question 7

pyoderma

Answer 7

any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo

Question 8

mycosis

Answer 8

describes any abnormal condition caused by a fungus

Question 9

tinea

Answer 9

a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair or nails

-this condition is also known as ringworm

Question 10

infestation

Answer 10

the dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue

-some parasites live temporarily on the skin, others lay eggs and reproduce there

Question 11

callus

Answer 11

a thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing

• a clavus or corn, is a callus in the keratin layer of the skin covering the joints of the toes, usually caused by ill-fitting shoes

Question 12

cicatrix

Answer 12

normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound

Question 13

granulation tissue

Answer 13

the tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound

-this tissue eventually forms the scar

Question 14

granuloma

Answer 14

general term used to describe a small, knot-like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis

-can result from inflammation, injury or infection

Question 15

keloid

Answer 15

an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision

-a tendency to form keloids is often inherited and is more common among people with dark pigmented skin

Question 16

keratosis

Answer 16

any skin growth (wart or callus) in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin

-patches of keratosis in the mouth are known as leukoplakia

Question 17

lipoma

Answer 17

a benign, slow growing fatty tumour located between the skin and muscle layer

-this fatty tumour is usually harmless, and treatment is rarely necessary unless the tumour is in a bothersome location, painful or growing rapidly

Question 18

nevus

Answer 18

aka a mole

-a small dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin, normally benign

Question 19

dysplastic nevi

Answer 19

atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer

Question 20

papiloma

Answer 20

a benign, superficial wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as bladder

Question 21

malignant melanoma

Answer 21

aka melanoma

-a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes
-most serious type of skin cancer and often the first signs are changes in the size, shape or colour of a mole

Question 22

biopsy

Answer 22

the removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis

Question 23

incisional biopsy

Answer 23

a piece, but not all, of a lesion is removed

Question 24

excisional biopsy

Answer 24

the entire lesion and a margin of surrounding tissue are removed

Question 25

needle biopsy

Answer 25

a hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination

Question 26

exfoliative cytology

Answer 26

a technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope

Question 27

cauterization

Answer 27

the destruction of tissue by burning

Question 28

chemabrasion

Answer 28

aka chemical peel

-the use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkling and keratoses

Question 29

cyrosurgery

Answer 29

the destruction of elimination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumours, through the application of extreme cold by using liquid nitrogen

Question 30

curettage

Answer 30

the removal of material from the surface by scraping

-one use of this technique is to remove basal cell tumours

Question 31

retinoids

Answer 31

a class of chemical compounds derived from vitamin A that are used in skincare and treatment because of their effect on epithelial cell growth

-can make the skin burn more easily

Question 32

isotretinoin

Answer 32

aka accutane

-a powerful retinoid taken orally to treat severe acne

Question 33

tretinoin

Answer 33

the active ingredient in retin-A and renova which are used to treat sun damaged skin, acne and wrinkles