Pt 2 ~ Integumentary System Flashcards
carbuncle
a cluster of connected furuncles (boils)
cellulitis
an acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth and red streaks
furuncles
aka boils
-large, tender swollen areas caused by a staphylococcal infection around the hair follicles or sebaceous glands
gangrene
aka tissue necrosis
-most commonly caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues
-the tissue death is followed by bacterial infection that causes putrefaction, and if this infection enters the bloodstream, it can be fatal
impetigo
a highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children
-this condition is characterized by isolated pustules that become crusted and rupture
necrotizing fasciitis
a severe infection caused by group A strep bacteria, aka flesh-eating bacteria
-necrotizing means causing tissue death, and fasciitis is inflammation of fascia
-the bacteria normally live harmlessly on the skin; however if they enter the body through a skin wound, this serious infection can result
-if untreated the infected body tissue is destroyed and the illness can be fatal
pyoderma
any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo
mycosis
describes any abnormal condition caused by a fungus
tinea
a fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair or nails
-this condition is also known as ringworm
infestation
the dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue
-some parasites live temporarily on the skin, others lay eggs and reproduce there
callus
a thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing
- a clavus or corn, is a callus in the keratin layer of the skin covering the joints of the toes, usually caused by ill-fitting shoes
cicatrix
normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound
granulation tissue
the tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound
-this tissue eventually forms the scar
granuloma
general term used to describe a small, knot-like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis
-can result from inflammation, injury or infection
keloid
an abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision
-a tendency to form keloids is often inherited and is more common among people with dark pigmented skin
keratosis
any skin growth (wart or callus) in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin
-patches of keratosis in the mouth are known as leukoplakia
lipoma
a benign, slow growing fatty tumour located between the skin and muscle layer
-this fatty tumour is usually harmless, and treatment is rarely necessary unless the tumour is in a bothersome location, painful or growing rapidly
nevus
aka a mole
-a small dark skin growth that develops from melanocytes in the skin, normally benign
dysplastic nevi
atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer
papiloma
a benign, superficial wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue or elsewhere in the body, such as bladder
malignant melanoma
aka melanoma
-a type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes
-most serious type of skin cancer and often the first signs are changes in the size, shape or colour of a mole
biopsy
the removal of a small piece of living tissue for examination to confirm or establish a diagnosis
incisional biopsy
a piece, but not all, of a lesion is removed
excisional biopsy
the entire lesion and a margin of surrounding tissue are removed
needle biopsy
a hollow needle is used to remove a core of tissue for examination
exfoliative cytology
a technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope
cauterization
the destruction of tissue by burning
chemabrasion
aka chemical peel
-the use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring, fine wrinkling and keratoses
cyrosurgery
the destruction of elimination of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumours, through the application of extreme cold by using liquid nitrogen
curettage
the removal of material from the surface by scraping
-one use of this technique is to remove basal cell tumours
retinoids
a class of chemical compounds derived from vitamin A that are used in skincare and treatment because of their effect on epithelial cell growth
-can make the skin burn more easily
isotretinoin
aka accutane
-a powerful retinoid taken orally to treat severe acne
tretinoin
the active ingredient in retin-A and renova which are used to treat sun damaged skin, acne and wrinkles
