Endocrine System

Question 1

functions of the endocrine system

Answer 1

-produce hormones that work together to maintain homeostasis

-hormones are the chemical messengers that are secreted by the endocrine glands directly into the bloodstream in order for the messengers to reach the cells and organs in the body

Question 2

homeostasis

Answer 2

process in which the body maintains a constant internal environment

Question 3

how many major glands in the endocrine system

Answer 3

13

Question 4

what are the major glands that make up the endocrine system?

Answer 4

pituitary gland
pineal gland
thryoid gland
parathyroid gland -4x
thymus
pancreas
adrenal gland - 2x
gonads -2x

Question 5

pituitary gland

Answer 5

pea-sized gland that is divided into 2 parts:

-pea-sized gland that is divided into 2 parts: anterior and posterior lobe
-secretes hormones that control the activity of other endocrine glands

Question 6

pineal gland

Answer 6

very small endocrine gland located in the central portion of the brain

-secretions influence the sleep-wakefulness cycle including the hormone melatonin

Question 7

thyroid gland

Answer 7

butterfly-shaped gland that lies on either side of the larynx just below the thyroid cartilage

-primary function is to regulate the body’s metabolism

Question 8

parathyroid gland

Answer 8

the size of a grain of rice and embedded in the posterior of the thyroid gland

-regulates calcium levels throughout the body

Question 9

adrenal gland

Answer 9

located with one on top of each kidney
-controls electrolyte levels in the body

Question 10

gonads

Answer 10

gamete-producing glands

secrete hormones responsible for development of sex characteristics that develop during puberty

Question 11

adrenocorticotropic hormone

Answer 11

stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex

Question 12

follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)

Answer 12

stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of ova in ovaries of the female and production of sperm in male

Question 13

growth hormone/somatotropic hormone

Answer 13

regulates the growth of bone, muscle and other body tissues

Question 14

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

Answer 14

stimulates ovulation in the female and the secretion of testosterone in the male

Question 15

lactogenic hormone/prolactin

Answer 15

stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk in the mother after childbirth

Question 16

luteinizing hormone

Answer 16

stimulates ovulation in the female and the secretion of testosterone in the male

Question 17

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

Answer 17

increases the production of melanin in melanocytes, thereby causing the darkening of skin pigmentation

Question 18

thyroid-stimulating hormone

Answer 18

stimulates the secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland

Question 19

antidiuretic hormone

Answer 19

secreted by the hypothalamus and stored and released in the pituitary gland, helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys

Question 20

oxytocin

Answer 20

stimulates uterine contractions during childbirth

after childbirth, it controls postnatal hemorrhage and stimulates the flow of milk from the mammary glands

Question 21

melatonin

Answer 21

influences the sleep-wakefulness portions of the circadian cycle

Question 22

circadian cycle

Answer 22

refers to the biological functions that occur within a 24 hour period

Question 23

thyroxine and triiodothyronine

Answer 23

the two primary thyroid hormones that regulate the rate of metabolism and affect the growth and rate of function of many other body systems

Question 24

calcitonin

Answer 24

produced by the thyroid gland and works with the parathyroid hormone to decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues by moving calcium into storage in the bones and teeth

Question 25

parathyroid hormone

Answer 25

works with the hormone calcitonin that is secreted by the thyroid gland to regulate the calcium levels in the blood and tissues

Question 26

thymosin

Answer 26

plays an important part in the immune system by stimulating the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells

Question 27

glucose

Answer 27

the basic form of energy used by the body

Question 28

glucagon

Answer 28

secreted by the alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low levels of glucose in the bloodstream, increases the glucose level by stimulating the liver to convert glycogen into glucose for release into the bloodstream

Question 29

insulin

Answer 29

secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose in the bloodstream

Question 30

corticosteroids

Answer 30

the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

Question 31

epinephrine/adrenaline

Answer 31

stimulates the sympathetic nervous system in response to physical injury or to mental stress such as fear

Question 32

norepinephrine

Answer 32

released as a hormone by the adrenal medulla and as a neurohormone by the sympathetic nervous system, plays a role in the “fight-or-flight response”