Urinary System

Question 1

Structures of the Urinary System

Answer 1

kidneys
ureters
urinary bladder
urethra

Question 2

Anuria

Answer 2

24 hour urine output less than 50 mL
synonymous with kidney or liver failure

Question 3

Dysuria

Answer 3

painful or difficult urination

Question 4

Glycosuria

Answer 4

sugar in the urine

Question 5

pyuria

Answer 5

pus in the urine

Question 6

Diuretics

Answer 6

increase in urine production resulting in the need for increased urination and possibly urge incontinence

Question 7

diseases associated with renal (kidney) problems

Answer 7

Congenital urinary tract abnormalities
Polycystic kidney disease
Urinary tract infection
Urinary calculi
Hypertension
Diabetes mellitus
Gout
Connective tissue disorders

Question 8

cholingeric medications

Answer 8

stimulate the contraction of detrusor muscle, producing urination

Question 9

analgesics and tranquilizers

Answer 9

suppress CNS
diminish effectiveness of neural reflexes

Question 10

What urine color is seen with anticoagulants?

Answer 10

red urine

Question 11

diuretics

Answer 11

Prevent reabsorption of water and certain electrolytes
pale yellow urine

Question 12

What urine color is seen with pyridum

Answer 12

orange to orange-red urine

Question 13

What urine color is seen with amitriptyline or B-complex vitamins?

Answer 13

green or blue-green urine

Question 14

What urine color is seen with levodopa?

Answer 14

brown or black urine

Question 15

What causes ammonia odor of urine?

Answer 15

bacteria action

Question 16

Transient incontinence

Answer 16

appears suddenly and lasts 6 months or less

Question 17

mixed incontinence

Answer 17

urine loss with features of two or more types of incontinence

Question 18

overflow incontinence

Answer 18

overdistension and overflow of the bladder

Question 19

functional incontinence

Answer 19

caused by factors outside of the urinary tract
has difficulty reaching the toilet on time due to physical or cognitive impairments, rather than a dysfunction of the urinary system itself.
(Ex. Mobility issues)

Question 20

reflex incontinence

Answer 20

emptying of the bladder without the sensation of the need to void

Question 21

total incontinence

Answer 21

continuous, unpredictable loss of urine

Question 22

stress incontinence

Answer 22

involuntary loss of urine related to an increase in intra-abdominal pressure

Question 23

Peristalsis

Answer 23

Involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.
under control of the nervous system
contractions occur every 3 to 12 minutes

Question 24

constipating foods

Answer 24

cheese
lean meat
eggs
pasta

Question 25

foods with laxative effect

Answer 25

fruits and vegetables
bran
chocolate
alcohol
coffee

Question 26

gas producing foods

Answer 26

onions
cabbage
beans
cauliflower

Question 27

What affect do antacids have on GI motility?

Answer 27

decrease GI motility

Question 28

What types of medications/supplements can cause diarrhea?

Answer 28

antibiotics
magnesium
metformin

Question 29

Nursing Measures for the Patient with Diarrhea

Answer 29

Answer call bells immediately.
Remove the cause of diarrhea whenever possible (e.g., medication).
If there is impaction, obtain physician order for rectal examination.
Give special care to the region around the anus.

Question 30

Indirect Visualization Studies

Answer 30

Upper gastrointestinal (UGI)
Small bowel series
Barium enema
Abdominal ultrasound
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
Abdominal CT scan